BITING AND NOXIOUS INSECTS OTHER THAN MOSQUITOES 31 



Major Bray stated, " I fonvard ... a fly which I believe to be G. palpalis. I 

 caught it at thirty miles post, lleridi, Mvolo road, in May. I have compared it with the two 

 specimens kept in the Mudir's office, and have no doubt of its identity. I did not see 

 any more, but at that time was very busy and it did not occur to me that it was palpalis, 

 and I did not look for more. At Tembura, in February, I met an iutelligent Arab, one 

 Ibrahim Ibn Sayd El Nur, from Taweisha, in Kordofan, who had come from Zemios (Zeniios 

 is about fifteen days south south-west of Temburas). He said, in reply to questions, that 

 there was much sleeping sickness in Zemios, and that it was brought by the Belgians. The 

 tlisease is accompanied by enlarged cervical glands. It has been there three years. I did 

 not hear anything about it anywhere else." 



This information is of grave significance, and no doubt Major Dansey Browning's 

 expedition will serve to show the extent to which the disease exists, and if it has really 

 invaded the Sudan. He may also be able to map out the fly belts and determine if 

 (jr. palpalii exists in large numbers. Since this was written Major Browning has not only 

 proved that morsltans is numerous between ^Yau and Chak-Chak and between Kossinger 

 and Dem Zubeir, but he reports palpalis in large numbers in the district to the 

 south-east of Mvolo and writes me to say that he has been informed from a Belgian 

 source that (J. palUdipes exists at Mangi. As he notes, this requires confirmation. He did 

 not see the specimens. 



I am strongly of opinion that the tsetse exists on the upper reaches of the Sobat. 

 Mules and cattle coming from Itang and the Upper Baro districts in Abyssinia have 

 been found suffering from trypanosomiasis. From enquiries made from members of 

 Mr. Macmillan's expedition I find that about fifty miles south of Nasser a flv, supposed to be 

 a large tsetse, exists. I should not be surprised if this proves to be Cr. loiKjipenni.s (Plate III.) 

 A study of Mr. Austen's latest map shows that this species might very well extend thus far 

 west from Somaliland and north from Lake Eudolf. I hope this question may be definitely 

 settled before the end of 1906. (Since this was written Mr. Thomas has brought in two 

 specimens of tsetse taken by Captain C. Sullivan on the Baro in Abyssinian territory 

 between Gore and Gambela, i.e., about the intersection of the 35th degree of east longitude 

 and a parallel of north latitude corresponding to 8° 25'. Though they are somewhat 

 damaged I have little doubt these flies are (t. mor-sitans. They are certainly not lonaipeunis g. morsitans in 

 and answer to morntanx very closely though theii- abdominal markings are, I think, rather 'Abyssinia 

 brighter than usual.) 



There is no evidence which would lead one to suppose that the tsetse exists on the 

 Ujiper Blue Nile. There are records of animals dying from fly bite, but other genera are 

 implicated so far as can be told, not (jloxsina. 



Several species of seroot fly have been sent both from the Blue and ^Yhite Niles. 

 Colonel Penton brought a valuable collection of 'Jalnuiida' from the Jur Eiver. Colonel 

 Hunter presented several large biting Diptera which he had taken on the Upper White Nile, 

 Major Bray was the donor of a good collection which he made in the Bahr-El-Ghazal and 

 some from Captain Eusor also reached us from the same province. Captain Grogan sent 

 flies and admirable notes from Goz-Abu-Guma and specimens have also been forwarded from 

 Eoseires and the Eahad. Captain Hughes brought a fine specimen of one of the A.nlidae or 

 robber-flies from. El Obeid. It is very apt to be mistaken for a biting dipteron. 



Fortunately it has been possible to have these flies well illustrated in colour or in 

 black and white. The object has been both to make complete scientific drawings and to 



