38 



llII'IN(i AND NOXIOUS INSECTS OIIIKU THAN MOSQUITOES 



Piroplasmosis 

 in Caltle 



|)r(iliiiliility IMiickwiifcr Fi'Vor is also h liiniiiin piroplasmosis, whili' i-vidi'iice is now 

 ai-i-uiiDilatiug to show tlial the rut tick ami not the rat Ilea, may hv thi- h^vuX in spreading 

 phigue. 



Amongst the lower animals we find Texas or Ked-water Fever, Khodesian Fever or 

 African Coast Sickness and Trans-Cancasian Fever in cattle, to be <hie to ticks acting as 

 agents of transmission. So is tiie disease known as Heart-water, in calves, sheep and goats, 

 80 is " Yellows," the Malignant Jaundice of flogs, so is Hiliiiry Fever in horses, and so is 

 the fatal Spirillosns of fowls found in I5razil and the Argentine. 



Indeed, the more these Antr/iiiiilir iirv studied, the greater seems tlie reason for dreading 

 them. It is by no nuans an easy matter to identify ticks, chielly iiccause, so far, no 

 complete and reliable work of reference to tliciii is obtainaMr. 'I'jic iiliratiuf, tliough fairly 

 extensive, is scattered, and is in a somewhat chaotic condition. Had it not been for the 

 valuable help rendered by Mrs. Broun, I would have had ilini<ulty ill preparing even the 

 small list of Sudani'se ticks heri' given. 



'I'llc tlinc rniiiiiHillrst in tile SlldaU are: — 



Ihinlommii u'lin/iliniii, fonii'l diii tl\ mi rattle, camels, niuiis and diildvcvs. 



AiiililiioiiniiH rurli'ijii/iiiii, closely allied to the J?ont tick (.1. Iii'linriiiii) of South Africa, 

 the male of which has a gorgeously adorned scutum or shield jiicked out in golden 

 bronze bordered witii gncn. It is conuuoii in the soiitliirn grass countrv and affects cattle, 

 camels and several species of horned game. I have taki ii it in Khartoinii on cattle with 

 trypanosomiasis which came from the south. 



Ji'/iijilcfji/iiiliis siiiiijiiiiii'iis, the dog tick par excellence, but which also attacks man, the 

 lion, the buffalo, the roan antelope, the porcupine, and probably many other animals. 



Ji/iijiicfji/iidiiy jiinuidtisnliiiii^ has also been fnuud mi tlie o.x, and Ji. /•Jriiisi, the Red 

 Tick, on nudes. 



Mrs. Broun also recogni.sed the spinose nyiiipli of tlir ear tick, < iniilluulnrii.i Mc^iiint, 

 while I found that fowls in Khartoum were very liaMr to be infected with one of the 

 Argasidii- , wliiili I believe to be Avijas iiiliiintus. As regards the minute re<l ticks which 

 I foinid on Mi'iisiiiiiii I'lii/oniils and Af>i:iirliiiii<-liiis /inliidix on the White Nile 1 .see that 

 Hodges had previously described a similar infestation of these very mosfjuitoes in Uganda,* 

 while the whole subject of the parasites of the Culicidie has been fully dealt with in an 

 interesting paper by Dr. Leon Dye.f 



The trouble about ticks is that the same species are sent in again and again and it is 

 difficult to get new varieties. The unskilled collector naturally mistakes the different stages 

 in development for differences in species. 



As regards diseases conveyed by ticks, I liave never seen a case of human tick fever, 

 nor has (h-ni//i>iiliirii.f iiitiii/iiitn, the tick said to be implicated in its spread, been sent me, 

 but I am inclined to think that the disease must exist in the 15ahr-KI-(Jhazal I'rovinee. 

 Quite recently I have found piro})lasmata in the blood of cattle sent nic from Berber by 

 Captain Head, nf the Veterinary Department. I have not had time to study the parasite 

 fully, but its apipcarance is shown in Fig. IS. It is very minute and occurs in coccoid, 

 small ring, and somewhat flame-shaped forms, while as seen in the photomicrograph dividing 

 (spore forms) are present. No extra-corpu.scular forms were seen. It is possible that the 

 disease was introduced from Egypt, ami I am not certain but that the parasite is a new one. 

 As stated, it is very small, and yet it does not answer to J', parviim. At present this brief 



• Hodges. Jour, of Tropicnl Mediriuc, 1902, Vol. IV., p. 20.3. f Arcliivcn de Parasitologic, l'J04, Vol. IX , p. 1. 



