84 



nErOUT ON ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 



Till' saiiio forrt'spoiiiliiif says tluit iiriiiiinl liiiliiwnyo, 4,500 feet above sea level antl 

 400 mill's froni tiic nearest point on the const, it is coniiiiun, while at Salisbury, 

 5,000 fi'i't. it is an even more serious nuisunce. 



As it has now been fouiul in tiie Sudan it is iirubulilc that it (Kcurs all over Ciiitral 

 Afriea us well us on the Kast Coast. 



Tile tiv is lialf an iiuii luiin; with wing expanse of about an inch. 'Die heail is large, 

 with two prominent ilark eyes, brown in eolor with yellowish brown between the eyes. The 

 thorax is rusty- to yellowish- brown with dark lateral antl dorsal elnetie. The abdomen is 

 pale browii, darker at the apex with two dusky buixls, pale below. The legs of a similar 

 tint to the pale eolor of tile tliorax. The transparent wings are tinged, especially at their 

 ba.ses, with dusky brown. The fleshy moutli parts are not ada{)ted to pierce the skin, on 

 the other hand the female has a sharp needle-like ovijMisitor. 



The om according to Fuller, are elongated and wliite and aiiuut :!-.")Uths of an inch in 



length. 



The hirrit, which Was obtained 

 by Captain Lyie Cummins, is 

 creamy white in color with deep 

 brown si)ines. (Fuller describes 

 the maggot as " of a white or 

 dirty-whitish color and much be- 

 sprinkled >vith minute black spots 

 which, as a matter of fact, are 

 really spines.) 



When mature it reaches half- 

 an-inch in length. The larva .sent 

 by ])r. Balfour, described here, is 

 evidently iiniiiature being only 8 mm. 

 long. 



The cephalad area has two 

 blunt processes, each of which bears a sniall blunt niannnilliforni process. The two 

 mandibles which project ventrally, are very thick, curved and biaik, there being apparently 

 a serrated basal plate to each one. 



The first segment has on the dorsum short brown thorn-like spines on the anterior moiety, 

 the posterior area being nude, and there are also two lateral pairs of short jiapilla'. At the base 

 of this segment is noticed a small reddish-brown spot on each .side ; the second and third 

 .segments have short dark spines on their anterior moieties, especially pronounced on the 

 second ; the third, fourth, tiftli and sixth segments have many similar spines all over them, 

 the seventh has verv much smaller, paler and scanty ones, the eighth and ninth have none. 

 The anal segment bears two gronjis of s])ira(des, arrangeil three in each group ; tiiese are all 

 curved, the two outiT ones outwards, the middle curveil towards the outer one ; spiraeular 

 areas brown. The segments are deeply constricte<l and the spines are particularly prominent 

 on the lateral borders. 



Ventrally the larva is spiny just as it is dorsally. 



The jiiijiariiiw, according to Fuller, is stout and oval, dark purple in color, and as a 

 rule covered with a mealy downi. 



According to Alennell the fly deposits its eggs in tlir iiair or clothing, the latter being 



Fig. 41. -I1k.ngai.ia nnpKK.'isA, Walk. 

 Niital to the Bahr-Kl-Ohazal 



Vt^llowi>h brown. marKins of abdominal segments dark brown; legs same 

 color .'IS body ; wings brownish. 



