90 



KEl'OUT ON KCONOMIC KNTOMOLOOY 



1 1 ippoboscidor 



'rill. l'"oi;i.sT KiiKs (Hii>i>i>lii>sriilii) ov Tin: Sihan and KcivrT 

 Four sntrii's iif //i/'juit'osiii uccnr in tlif Sinlaii :iii<l K^'yiit, iiuincly :— //''/'/'"''"•""■(t 



e</iliii<i, ]>iim, //. riiiiirliiiii, Ijcacll, //. iiiniiihilii, Ja-iic1i mill //.Jiuiiiilllniil, lil'lll-ll. 



Tlusc II its liiivc all siiiiiliir liabits, lieing partially imrasitic on animals. Tlii-y have 



(at least, tlirei- of tlu-ni) a very wide distribution. 

 Till' sjn'cies found most frequently on 

 liorsi'S, asses and unilcs, //. <■<//(/;/« occurs in 

 Europe, Asia and Africa. It is also recorded 

 from America by Loew and Lugger (" Silliman's 

 .loiiiiial " and 2iid Kiport Minn., 1896, 143) ; 

 but Aldrich states that it must be very rare 

 there, as he has never seen it in any collection 

 nor known of its capture by any entomologist. 

 (Catal. N. Aiiicr. J)ii.t., p., O.W, 19U5.) It 

 also occurs in New Ciilcdoiiia. 



The FoH'st or Spider Flics arc llattened, 

 leathery ami lousc-likc in aj)pearance, and 

 have tluir aiitcnnai embedded in pits. Round 

 or oval eyes ; no ocelli, thus clifferiii}; from 

 /.ijio/i/ii<i. The abdomen is sack-like, and 

 shows iiut fiiint traces oi segmentation ; and 

 tlieir siuirt and stout spiny legs end in 

 various appendages. They are all provided 

 with a pair uf ample wings during the whole of their life. The structure of tlie claws and 

 other foot appendages as the pulvilli and feather-bristles is very marked. Some of the 

 chief differences are shown in Figure 53. 



These parasitic diptera i)roduce their young in the puparium stage. 

 These puparia are passed out of the body of the female, often only a 

 short time before the flies are ready to escape, and are of relatively large scitkuh m of //. ^<./«-i 

 size compared to the .iiinensions of tlie adulls. vcnrrli.rbro.n'^r 



The adults fly with short (piick movements and hold to the hair 

 of their host with great pertinacity. 



They produce great irritation on the animals ^ 

 tliey iiiva<le. The nioiitli is in tlii' form of a short, \-.^ 

 sJiiirp sucking and piercing proboscis. 



Thev are not only of iiiinortance as parasites, 



•' / ' . Kig. !>0 



but thev niav be connected in some cases with the pi:i'AKitM<.f//. ..i«- 



* . ' r/lHit 



dissemination of Trypanosomiasis. Dark brown 



The Spotted Forest Fly {/liji/i<i/io.ic<i imtfu- 

 latti, Leach) occurs in Africa and India. I lui 

 received specimens from the West Coast, Egypt ^^ 



and the Sudan. It lives upon the horse, cattle, scitelu m of //. /"■«• 

 and will attack dogs. This species can be told Paicydio.- 



by the scutellum being dark with three yellow spots, of which the median one is much 



the largest. 



Fig. 48. — IlippoBO.sCA camhlina, Leach 



Arabi.i and S<)m.ililand to Algeria 



Body and 1ck> reddish to dark brown ; light markings of 



ImmIv. \'rllow 



mm 



Fig. 49 



m^^tr €iL 



Fig. 52.— Hirp. maculata 



THORAX 



I.tffht markinK^ pale yellow ; 

 rem:tuitler rcddUh ■ brown nr 

 brown. 





