Ill 



THYPANOSOMIASIS IN THK ANft I,n-F.(i YPTIAN Sl'PAN 



Trypanosomcs 

 in birds anil 

 lisli 



Investigations 

 on the White 



Nile 



T. nanum, 

 the cattle 

 trypanosonic 



Siiiij tti ciiiisc it, tlial lui ililiiiitc concliisioii ciiii lie narlicij nj^aniiiij^ tlic privaliiicc iif 

 trvpiiiiosiiiiiiasis in tliiit rt'j^iini. No cuscs liavc Iktii sent me from tlic liliic Nile iiroviiices, 



allil I liavr Mot Irciivcil saiii|ilis iif (srtsr lliis frmii llnsr [lalts, liiir snli tliilri liitwrell 

 Ivosciri's anil Wad .Miilani, wlici'f the river is iiiore or less liordircij liv Imsli ami forest. In 

 the Nortliern Suilan, tlie rej:;ion of sandy wastes, as pointeil out in tlie preliminary note, 

 trypanosomiasis Inis not been foinid to exist, Imt no fi;reat nnmlier of examinations liave been 

 nnide, ami investigations upon frogs, lizards, and a large iiuiidici- of liiids have yet to be 

 condueted. Captain Head, of the Veterinary Service, however, informs me that he has 

 examined the blood of a large number of cattle an<l camels, botli in the Herber district and 

 on the borders of Abvssinia, and has not encountered a single ease of trypanosomiasis. In 

 some of the ilistricts in wliieli lie worked, I'lniijiuiiii Mi'e prevalent. ])r. ShefHeld Neiive, 

 travelling pathologist to tlie laboratories, worked down Nile from (iondokoro, ami the 

 reader is referred to his report for accounts of the tiyjiaiiosonies wliich he has discovered and 

 described. His tinds in birds are specially interesting in the light of Novy's and McNeal's 

 recent researches.* 



For tlie purpose of gathering information and material regarding the trypanosomiasis of 

 Shillnk cattle I accompanied Colonel CxrilHth, the principal veterinary otlicer, to Tautikia, 

 near the month of the Sobat River, and 5'J() miles south of Kliartoum. The journey was 

 undertaken in .lanuarv. I'.Hlf), and at Melut. fifty miles noi'lli (jf Kodok (late Fashoda), a 

 lierd of Shilluk cattle was inspected. Three sick aninnils were picked out and examined. 

 In the blood of one of these I found a trypanosome identical with the parasite found in 

 Shillnk cattle at Khartoum which had come from the Kodok region. f Nothing was found in 

 the lilood of tile other two aiiiiiials. liut it is proiialile they were sntVering from the disease, 

 as tliev jii'i-seiited tile characteristic symptoms, i.e., extreme aiia'iiiin of the mucous 

 membranes, weakness, emaciation, and some running from the nose. At Jlelut we received 

 vague information as to the presence of a tly belt a eoiisideralile distance inland, and were 

 tidd that the rattle became iiifecti'd after tlu' iMinv season, /.''., in August. On these cattle, 

 as in those at Khartoum, large minibers of the tick calleil Aiiil'lii<nniii<i raricgntum were 

 found, as well as flies of the genus Ifijij)(i/iO!<ra. It may be said at once that examimition of 

 these insects has alwavs proved negative, but, as will be shown, the tryi)anosomes are never 

 very numerous in the blood of cattle. 



A herd which had just been imported from the north showed no signs of disease. 



At Kodok a small herd was seen, and one sick cow, which eight months previously had 

 come from Jleliit, was examined. It was distinctly thin and amemic, but no parasites were 

 found in its blood. 



At Taufikia, six separate herds of cattle were in.spceted, the bloods of 12 sick 

 beasts were examined, and trvpanosomes were found in one animal only — a cow from 

 Abvssinia, which had iccently aborted, and was in a dying comlitioii. 



This trypanosome proved to be 7'. nuinnii. Three sick mules, coming also from near 

 Itang, were found to harbour trypanosomcs. These were not the sanu' species of parasite as 

 those fmind in cattle, but ajipcar to be identical with those iliscovered by Head in mules 

 from the riahr-El-(ihazal. A ilog was inoculated from tmc of these mules and brought to 

 Khartoum, where it developed trypanosomiasis. It was from this strain, carried on i)y 



• .lour. Infec. Dis., Chicnf;o, 190.'>, Mnrirh, 



t The recent discovery of (1. murnilniix in Soutlicrn Kordofnn prolnlily cxplnins the prevalcnec of tsetse 

 disea.-"*; in this dintrict. 



