TRYPANOSOMIASIS IN THE ANGLO-EGYPTIAN SUDAN 151 



the means nor facilities for conducting this work on a large scale. The single experiment 

 performed {vide p. 122) goes to show that the short form is not T. nanum. 



On the whole, considering the matter from a morphological standpoint, I am strongly 

 inclined to think the mule trypanosome is T. dimorphum. Nor when we turn to compare 

 the result of experimental inoculation is there anything forcible to be urged against such a 

 view. I have not been able to carry out so admirable a series of experiments as that 

 conducted by Drs. Button and Todd,* but so far as they go my results approximate very 

 closely to theirs. True, they did not note any affection of the eyes in dogs, but no doubt 

 this is a variable symptom. Laveran and Mesnil f state that it only occurs occasionally in 

 the case of T. Evansi in dogs. It seems more constant for T. Brucci than for any other 

 variety. The Liverpool observers found gland enlargement constant in rats ; I have 

 not observed it either in gerbils or jerboas, but I have now worked with rats proper to a 

 small extent and have found this to be the case. 



In their solitary rabbit the conjunctiva and eyelids remained normal. In one of my 

 cases a condition exactly similar to that found by Musgrave and Clegg,| by Sivori and Lecler 

 and by other investigators, developed. 



Button and Todd employed monkeys of different species to those with which I worked. 

 In one of them, a baboon, thev found the stomach congested and containing altered blood 

 and mucus. 



They seem to have obtained very similar results in goats to what I found in the 

 solitary goat I employed. 



It is scarcely worth while to pursue the argument. Granting that T. dimorphum is a 

 distinct entity, I think the trypanosome of mules in the Sudan approaches it more closely 

 than any other trypanosome of which I have records. The tendency is to follow Koch 

 and pay less attention to differences in species and more to the presence or absence of 

 pathogenicitv. I have attempted cultivation experiments, but so far without any success. 

 Either nothing developed in the blood-agar tubes or contamination occurred. Had I 

 known that drjihruuitcd blood is not essential in preparing the culture media, this accident 

 might have been avoided. As regards the trypanosomes found in blood smears from a 

 donkey in the Bahr-El-Ghazal, I may note that the specimens were old and stained badly. 

 As far as one could tell, the parasites rather resembled T. Bnicci. Only one form appeared 

 to be present. I have not yet been able to work out the small trypanosome I have found 

 in mules, but I am nut at all sure that it is not T. nanum. I know of two instances in which 

 recovery apparently occurred. It will, perhaps, be of greater interest to consider the special 

 post-mortem lesion to which I wish to call attention, namely, the affection of the gastric 

 and, to a less extent, the intestinal mucous membrane. 



References to such a contlitiou are not wanting in the literature. Button and Todd's Gastric and 

 note in reference to a baboon has been mentioned, Musgrave and Clegg record the presence of '"'<=5tinai 



° _"*- / lesions and 



intestinal ulcers and ulcers in the C(_eca of animals dead of Surra in the Philipi)ines. As a their 

 rule, however, attention does not seem to have been paid to the condition of the alimentarv ^"^^l 



' ' ^ " significance 



tract, and so far as I know, when lesions have been noted, smears have not been taken nor 

 any further examination performed. Greig's recent observations on human trypanosomiasis 

 have been mentioned. 



• First Report of the Trypanosomiasis Expedition to Senegambia 1902, Liverpool 1903. 



t Trypanosomes et Trypanosomiasis. Paris, 1904. 



t Trypanosoma and Trypanosomiasis with special reference to Surra in the Philippine Islands, No. 5 Publicatiuu. 

 Bureau, Govt. Labs. Manila. 1903. 



