TRYPANOSOMIASIS IN THE ANULO-EGYPTIAN SUDAN 169 



hill. Degenerating forms disappeared in large measure from the blood, and normal 

 trypanosomes increased. 



May lAth. The monkey was found dead in the morning. 



Post-morte)n. Stomach. Congested areas found near the pylorus with blood clots 

 covering them. These probably indicated a commencing erosion. Ulceration, blood-clots, 

 and general congestion found in connection with sis Peyer's patches. In a scraping from 

 one of these ulcerated areas lively spirilla were seen. 



No ceecal ulceration or erosion of large intestine. No enlargement of mesenteric glands. 



Spleen. Moderately enlarged, firm but congested. 



Liver. Only slightly enlarged. 



Hearts Blood. A few sluggish trypanosomes. Dead, motionless forms present. 



Bone-Marrow. Red, not very diffluent. 



Brain. Supra-cortical haemorrhage over and rouml about the right Sylvian fissure. 

 The condition was curious, like a thin sheet of blood spread out over the convolutions. 



Smeara. Heart's blooil. Myelocytes, a few normoblasts and a few much altered 

 trypanosomes. 



Spleen. A few young forms — as described by Lingard — found. Bacterial invasion. 



Liver. Normal trypanosomes present. Marked phagocytic action of the polymorpho- 

 nuclear leucocytes. Frequently two trypanosomes engnlphed in a white corpuscle were seen 

 Macrophages present. 



Brain-clot. Spherical forms of trypanosome noted. Also curiously altered and 

 vacuolated types. 



Bone-marrow . Bacterial invasion. No trypanosomes seen. 



Intestinal ulcer. No spirilla or trypanosomes found in the stained preparation. 



Stomach I'lot. Negative. 



Exp. 28. Gerbil 16. April 20th. Slight infection on this, the tenth day after 

 inoculation. Given 1 c.c. serum of water-buck of date January 27th, 1905, by subcutaneous 

 inoculation at 4 p.m. About 5.10 p.m. the animal was found to be in violent convulsions, 

 lying on its side and kicking vigorously. The cardiac action was rapiil. Blood was taken 

 from the tail at 5.30 p.m. Some rounded forms of trypanosome were seen. Chloroform was 

 administered at 6 p.m., and a post-mortem performed immediately. 



Spleen and kidneys much enlarged. Liver not enlarged, but soft in consistence like 

 the spleen. No ulceration or congestion of stomach. 



Smears. Heart's hlooJ. Ordinary and degenerating and broken-down forms. Changes 

 not extensive. 



Spleen, liver and bone-marrow negative. In kidney smear, ordinary unaltered forms 

 were found. Death probably the result of over-dose and intoxication. 



The study of such a work as that of Nuttall on Blood Immunity and Relationship, 

 demonstrates how numerous and how complicated are the problems which arise when one 

 conducts serum experiments. 



Questions relating to haemolysins, agglutinins and precipitins present themselves. True, 

 these may have no direct bearing on the action of sera on blood parasites, but they have to 

 be considered in relation to the effects produced which may possibly modify such action. 

 Perhaps some of the symptoms noted were due to intoxication, the result of overdosage wliich 

 is always apt to occur. There seems little doubt but that the serum profoundly afiFected the 

 trypanosomes, but here again the number of cases was very limited, and no conclusions can 



