TBYPANOSOMIASIS IN THE ANGLO-EGYPTIAN SUDAN 171 



111 tile sinuses large moiionucleated cells containing golden-brown (iron-containing?) pigment 

 were present. Pigment was also seen in the endothelial cells of the capillaries. 



There was a general and marked hyperplasia of the stroma. 



Stomach ulcer. This section merely showed a destruction of the epithelial layer, the 

 erosion extending to the submucosa which had undergone a bacterial invasion and the vessels 

 of which were congested. The specimen was stained by the Leishnian method but no 

 trypanosomes could be discerned. 



Brain. This was not stained by any special method and did not present any pathological 

 appearance as far as could be told. I did not find any infiltration of leucocytes round the 

 blood-vessels. 



In the case of the trypanosomiasis of mules, the organs and tissues of experimental 

 animals such as the dog and monkey were examined. 



Liver. Much the same conditions were seen as existed in the liver of the ox, but there 

 was an entire absence of pigment, at least, in the case of Monkey 21 which died on the 

 sixteenth day after inoculation. There was slight fatty degeneration. Congestion was most 

 marked in the sub-capsular region. 



Spleen. Extreme congestion of the splenic pulp together with an increase of connective 

 tissue in the Malpighian bodies constituted the most marked changes. Large mononucleated 

 cells containing fat droplets were seen in the splenic sinuses and there was a general 

 hyperplasia of stroma. 



'Iliynuis. Examined in the case of Dog 3 and showed a simple hyperplasia of the 

 lymphoid tissue. The stroma was not much increased. 



S/oinach ulcer. There was considerable erosion affecting the basement membrane. 

 Tiirombosis was present and some obliterative endarteritis. In a cross-section of one of 

 the pyloric glands I noticed a tiny cyst? containing oval nucleated bodies which stained 

 quite differently from the surrounding tissue. They had taken on the eosin stain strongly, 

 and their rounded nuclei were deep purple. They somewhat resembled the encysted 

 merozoites of some sporozoan but were difficult to examine properly, some being on a 

 different plane from the rest of the section. 



Lymph-<jhmd. The condition was precisely similar to that found in the lymph gland of 

 the ox with the exception that pigment was absent. 



Brain. No small cell infiltration of the perivascular spaces. 



Cornea. The opaque cornea of Dog 4 was sectioned and examined. Swelling and Corneal 

 erosion of the epithelial cells was found together with an infiltration of leucocytes into the '^''^"S^s 

 inter-lamellar spaces. As a result the lamellas in some parts had become more widely 

 separated. In addition a pigment deposit was found confined to the more superficial 

 inter-lamellar spaces, but stretching right across the cornea. It was less marked at the centre 

 than elsewhere. 



As Baldwin and others have pointed out these changes are evidently the result of an 

 intoxication and probably due to the action of a specific toxine generated by the trypanosomes. 



Conclusions. 



1. Trypanosomiasis in cattle in the Sudan is due to T. uanum, a small trypanosome of 

 distinct type which is probably, but not certainly, peculiar to bovines. It produces a disease 

 which runs a chronic course and may prove fatal. On the other hand, spontaneous recovery 

 may result, especially if the affected animal be removed from the infected area and be well 



