REPORT OF TRAVELLING PATHOLOGIST 195 



a series of hanging drops, nor for cultivation of trypanosomes ami other such investigations. 

 In consequence, most of my results are merely taken from stained blood films, which however, 

 often included blood that had been allowed to stand in citrate for various periods with a 

 view to detect development. This however, is a poor substitute for watching them on a 

 warm stage. 



I deplore the absence of further opportunity to verify and work out the indications many 

 of these matters give. 



Sources of Blood Collection 



About 750 films were brought home in addition to those examined " in the fresh." 

 These were made from the blood of : — 



55 human subjects. 

 118 other mammals, 16 varieties. 



69 birds, 22 varieties. 



38 iish, 8 varieties. 



(i amphibia, 4 varieties. 



18 sheep ticks. 



XdRMAL FlSlI AND BlHDs' BlOOD 



The bloods of bii-ds and fish have a number of peculiarities of their own, of wliirli I 

 have failed to find any description, so tliat I here note some of them. 



1. The red corpuscles appear to alter as soon as the blood is shed, that is to say, all Peculiarities 

 slides show more or less the following phenomena. The majority of the erythrocvtes stain °f j'°°''! °'^, 



" '^ J . J J birds .md fish 



in the ordinary way, exliibiting a violet blue nucleus, and if the Leishman stain has been well 

 managed, a red cytoplasm, though the latter colour is often not easy to obtain in slides that 

 have been kept for months at a high temperature. In fact, the cytoplasm not unfrequently 

 remains blue unless special trouble is taken. A slide with the majority of erythrocytes 

 wholly stained blue (as well as those with red stained cytoplasm), will show a nuiidier of 

 other red corpuscles stained thus : — 



1. The nucleus red, the stroma a very deep purple. (Plate XVI., b). 



2. The nucleus red, the plasma lightly stained red. (Plate XYL, c). 



(Many of these are round with a round nucleus). 



3. Many free nuclei swollen, stained red, and \ni\\ ragged edges. 



(Plate XVI., g S: h). 



Again, the whole of the above process as far as the nucleus goes, may be carried on 

 inside the corpuscle before bursting ; and in this case after becoming reddened, and a kind of 

 growth taking place, the nucleus continues to disintegrate until it is a ragged mass. All 

 the above changes are shown in plate XVI., d to f, and are much exaggerated when 

 the blood has stood for an hour or two mixed with citrate, the most extreme case showing 

 nothing but these swollen and escaped nuclei. I consider that these changes occur in the 

 blood between the time of its being shed and of its being made into a film. Endothelial 

 cells from the capillaries are also fairly often seen in the films. (Plate XVI., k.) 



In a slide of marabou stork's blood (containing ffaltfridi/nn), I found some cells which Marabo 

 are probably an early form of erythrocyte, either passed prematurely into peripheral blood or stork s blood 

 subsequently changed. The cytoplasm is contracted nearly up to the nucleus on each side, 

 with a small vacuole at each end. The nucleus is swollen and flattened. Plate XVI., i. 



