2A Alexander, Australia]! Species of Tnbinares. [,^^"(ui • 



Sub-genus Cui)kilaria. 

 PterodromcL cookii (Gray). White-winged or Cook Petrel or 

 Fulmar. 

 This species breeds on Cabbage-tree Island, Port Stephens, 

 N.S.W. The type locality of the species is New Zealand, and 

 the Australian bird was differentiated by Gould as P. leitcoptera. 

 Mathews regards it as only sub-specifically distinct. Gould 

 records that he oberved both P. cookii and P. leiicoptera in the 

 seas between Australia and New Zealand, and included P. cookii 

 in the tabular list given in his Handbook as found in Queensland 

 and New South Wales. As Mathews points out, it would hardly 

 be possible to differentiate between the two forms at sea, and 

 P. c. cookii must be removed from the Australian list. 



[Pterodroma brevipes (Peale). White-throated Petrel or Fulmar. 



This species has been included in lists of Australian birds, but 

 there is no record of its occurrence in Australian seas. As it 

 breeds in the New Hebrides and has been obtained in the 

 Moluccas, it is probable that it may occur in the seas of North 

 Queensland.] 



[Pterodroma neglecta (Schlegel). Kcrmadec or Neglected or Phillip 

 Petrel or Fulmar. 



This bird has been included in Australian lists owing to con- 

 fusion with P. nielanopus. It breeds in the Kermadec Islands, 

 and may, perhaps, be expected to wander occasionally into East 

 Australian seas.] 



[To he continued.) 



Penguins. 



By R. Stuart-Sutherland, R.A.O.U., Puysegur Point, 

 Invercargill, N.Z. 



Part I. — General Survey of Penguin Family. 

 New Zealand is commonly considered the headquarters of the 

 Penguin group, all the genera except Sphenisciis being found here. 

 I am one of the many naturalists who incline to the opinion that 

 New Zealand and its adjacent islands. should be granted a place 

 as a separate region in the consideration of the geographical 

 distribution of animals. My idea of the extent of the region may 

 be taken as to include the North and South Islands of New 

 Zealand, with Stewart, Lord Howe, Norfolk, and Kcrmadec 

 Islands, and the Chatham, Auckland, and Macquarie groups, as 

 well as Antipodes Island, Emerald Island^ and the Ballany Islands. 

 Evidence points to New Zealand as also being the centre of 

 dispersion. The oldest known form of Penguin, Anthropornis 

 nordenskioldi, from the Eocene (Tertiary) formations of Seymour 

 Island, South Shetland Group, is apparently contemporary with 

 Paleeiidyptes antarctictis of the Oligocene or Eocene rocks of New 



