30 SXUART-SUTHERLAXD, PengltillS. [i.f"lul 



Remarkable also is the fact that the Emperor nidificates during 

 the Antarctic winter, but the King commences to lay at the 

 Macquarie Island rookeries about November. 



In Pygoscelis two eggs are laid, in the Adelie or Gentu the nest 

 being built of stones, which the birds often gather from a great 

 distance. The nest is similar in the Ringed Penguin, but the 

 bird has the peculiarity of laying the second egg after the first 

 is hatched. This has apparently given rise to the belief that this 

 species has two stages of down. 



In Catarrhactes a rough nest is formed of sticks and leaves, said 

 to be gathered by the male, whilst the female does the building 

 in a cave or under large rocks. Two eggs are laid — rare instances 

 are recorded of three — which the parents incubate in turns. The 

 position adopted by the sitting bird, as in all the Penguins, is nearly 

 upright, leaning somewhat forward, with the lower portion of 

 the abdomen covering the eggs. 



In Megadyptes no rookeries or large assemblies are formed. 

 Only a few pairs live together and breed amongst the tussock 

 grass, of which they form a rough nest. 



In Eiidyptula the two white eggs are laid in burrows under rocks 

 or in caves. The bird is said to dig the burrows, sometimes over 

 5 feet in depth, with the feet and beak. A few pieces of straw 

 or grass are sometimes employed on which to lay the eggs. 



In Sphenisciis the habit differs with the species, and even with 

 individuals. Generally speaking, nidification is carried on cither 

 as in Catarrhactes or Eiidyptula, or in a combination of both styles. 

 Three eggs in a clutch is common, and four is in one instance 

 recorded of the Jackass Penguin. 



The name " Penguin " is said to have been originally applied 

 to the Garefowl or Great Auk {Alca impennis) of the northern 

 hemisphere, and to have been given to the Penguins by early 

 voyagers, who saw in the Penguin a somewhat similar bird. 

 Others say that the name is derived from the Latin pingiiis, 

 meaning fat, or from the Welsh pengwen, meaning white-head 

 (an early name for the Great Auk) ; but such appellations are 

 usually obscure. 



[To he cvntiniicd.) 



Recent Figures of Acanthizae. 



By Gregory M. Mathews, F.R.S.E. 



In The Eimi, vol. xix., p. 8i, p). xix., October, itjig, a figure was 

 given of the Allied Buff-rumped Tit-Warbler {Geobasileits hedleyi 

 rosincr), the text by Captain S. A. White. In the next number, 

 on ' p. i6i, an article entitled "The Small-billed Tit-Warbler 

 {Acanthiza niorgani) " appears, by A. J. Campbell. Therein, 

 apparently, a direct denial to Captain S. A. White's identification 



