78 Stuart-Sutherlan'd, Penguins. [isf'o'ct 



was attempted, the eggs in every instance being laid and incubated 

 in an inch or so of mud. Nest-forming material of every sort — 

 fine sticks, small stones, fern and other leaves — were obtainable 

 by the birds at the entrance of the cave, if required. 



[Since wiiting the above a most thorough search of the cave 

 was made with a powerful light, and in one very inaccessible 

 corner, previously overlooked, two nests, one of which was 

 occupied, were found formed of short sticks. This corner was 

 fairly dry, and the sticks, which were coated with dried mud, were 

 from 6 inches to a foot in length and a quarter to a half inch in 

 thickness. Each nest was composed of about two handfuls of such 

 sticks. A very careful examination revealed the fact that these 

 were the only formed nests in the whole colony of approximately 

 60 birds.] 



Catarrhades filholi* Campbell Island Penguin.— The upper 

 plumage bluish-black, becoming darker on the hind neck, crown, 

 and throat. Yellow crest composed of fine feathers which spread 

 fan-wise, the inner ones on both sides inclining towards centre of 

 top of the head. The crest commences behind the termination of 

 the culmen, and not between the nostrils and the end of the 

 culmen, as in the other crested varieties. Bill brownish-red ; feet 

 flesh-colour; eye brown. Length, 23 inches; wing, 5.7 inches; 

 bill, narrow, 2.0 inches ; tail, i.i inches. The egg is very pale 

 blue in colour, and is comparatively large. One specimen 

 measured 3.3 inches. This may, of course, be abnormal. 



Although said to breed only at the Campbell and Auckland 

 Islands, this Penguin is occasionally seen at Preservation Point, 

 and I beUeve stragglers breed here in small numbers. It is 

 readily distinguished on shore by the peculiar form of its 

 crest. 



. Catarrhades chrysocome. Yellow-crested Penguin {Endyptes 

 chrysocomus of BuUer). — Throat and the hind part of neck, with 

 the sides of the face and crown, black, the remainder of the upper 

 plumage bluish-black ; under surface white. From the base of 

 the upper mandible on each side a broad line of canary-yellow 

 passes over the eye, and is cpntinued beyond into a crest of fine 

 filamentous feathers. Edge of flipper white. Eye reddish- 

 brown. Length, 26 inches ; wing, 8.3 inches ; bill, 2.6 inches ; 

 tail, 1.6 inches. Egg very pale blue, 2.4 to 2.8 inches in length. 



This striking Penguin breeds on most islands in the Southern 

 Ocean, but principally on the Snares, Aucklands, Campbells, and 

 Macquaries. It is replaced on the Bounty and Antipodes Islands 

 by a slightly larger geographical sub-species known as C. sdateri. 



Catarrhades sdateri. Great-crested Penguin. — Similar to C. 

 chrysocome, save that the crest is much reduced in length and 

 the wing is more broadly edged with white in the majority of 

 birds. Length, 29 inches ; wing, 9.2 inches ; bill, 2.9 inches ; 

 tail, 1.7 inches. Egg pale bluish inside, chalky outside, 2.7 to 

 3.1 inches in length. 



* Some authorities claim this is synonymous with C. chvysocomc. — Eds. 



