GEOGRAPHY AND NATURAL HISTORY OF THE TOBIQUE. 25^ 



the right hand branch of Tobique. The rock consists of 

 feldspathic sand-stones and quartzites, with hard, blue slates. 



These in turn are succeeded by highly metamorphic rocks, 

 felsites, syenites and schists, of supposed pre-Cambrian age. 

 They are seen about four miles above the mouth of the 

 Serpentine and in the region of Long and Tobique Lakes. 

 Long granite belts penetrate this region, parallel to the great 

 granite axis which runs north-easterly through the counties 

 of York, Carleton, Northumberland and Gloucester. One of 

 these belts intrudes on the pre-Cambrian, crossing the Ser- 

 pentine River. At Long Lake the junction between granite 

 and the pre-Oambrian is well marked by boulders, though 

 rock in situ is not seen. Granite boulders are strewn thickly 

 over the upper part of the lake, while the rest is occupied by 

 boulders from pre-Cambrian rocks. 



This watershed region is generally 1,000 to 1,200 feet 

 above sea level, but some of the many hills rise considerably 

 above this, as Bald Mountain, on the south branch of the 

 Nepisiguit, and Bald, or Sagamook Mountain, near Lake 

 Nictor, both of which are 2,500 feet above the sea. 



The geology of the district is very difficult to study. 

 The country is covered with drift material and forests, which 

 conceal the underlying formations almost everywhere. Again, 

 the rock is greatly altered, stratifications obscured, and the 

 folding and crumbling of the beds and injections of volcanic 

 and granite masses have further confused the structure of the 

 region. 



Many of the characters of the whole Tobique region are 

 explained as results of the so-called "Devonian Revolu- 

 tion." This geological disturbance resulted in the crushing 

 and folding of the Silurian and Devonian systems against the 

 older formations which had previously been raised and 

 solidified. 



Great masses of granite were extruded during the disturb- 

 ance, the granite of the Nerepis Hills and Spoon Island 

 (St John River), and also of the great central belt of the 

 province, being supposed to date from that time. The Cam- 



