28 BULLETIN OF THE NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. 



The road from Perth passes through such woods in what 

 is called the Gulch — a beautiful ravine with a rapid stream 

 flowing down the centre and high and steep hills on either 

 side. 1 found here the Maiden-hair, but this fern does not 

 seem to extend up the Tobique. 



This land when first cleared yields wonderful crops. Oats 

 are usually the first planted, and grow up rank and luxuriant, 

 yielding an immense amount of straw as well as a large 

 increase of grain. 



In hollows and beside streams flowing between these ridges, 

 hemlock and spruce are more common, and are extensively 

 lumbered. 



Second. — Rich hills and slopes along the river valley, burnt 

 over and since grown up with poplar and white birch, with 

 sometimes a greater variety of trees — cherry, fir, spruce, etc. 

 Here grow the two coral roots, the Goodyera repens, Smilacena 

 racemosa, and numerous other plants. This includes a large 

 part of the land bordering the river. 



Third. — Borders of intervals and meadows. Here we find 

 fine elms and poplars and a thick margin of alders, in the 

 shade of which the ostrich-fern and wood-nettle grow abun- 

 dantly. The agrimony is very common in more open ground. 

 Hazel is more abundant on the borders of the higher meadows. 



This bordering of trees and shrubs affords great protection 

 to the lowlands of the river plain from the ice and currents. 



Where intervals have not been cleared, the flora is far 

 richer, containing besides the last mentioned species, large 

 ash, spruce, fir, and hemlocks, with the Indian turnip, the 

 larger coral root, wild ginger, blood root, etc. At the mouth 

 of the Wapskehegan is just such a luxuriantly clothed interval. 



Fourth. — The peat bogs, sometimes covered with small 

 dead tamaracs, sometimes grown over with cedars. Bogs 

 bordering on lakes are usually covered by heaths, such as 

 sheep laurel and andromeda. 



In a bog of the first mentioned kind, at Arthurette, there 

 grows an immense number of the Gypripedium spectabile, 

 our most beautiful lady-slipper, which was one of the first 



