APPENDIX — SUMMER CAMP AT FRENCH LAKE. 87 



We have called the clay which bordered and underlies these 

 lake basins, Leda clay, becavise it holds the same relation to the 

 Boulder clay below, and the alluvial deposit of the river above, as 

 the red Leda clay of the valleys at the coast holds to correspond- 

 ing deposits along the Bay of Fundy. It should be said, however, 

 that no trace of marine shells has been found in this clay; and it 

 is quite possible that the basin in which the clay was deposited 

 may have had no free communication with the ocean. 



This visit to French Lake disabused us of a notion as to the 

 relative stage of culture of the men who lived on the river, and 

 those who inhabited the shores of the Bay of Fundy. Previously 

 we had been inclined to allow a possible difference in the degree 

 of artistic finish of their weapons, by the men of the Stone age 

 occupying these districts, respectively. 



Such a distinction has been claimed between the men who 

 left the kitchen-middens on the coast of Denmark, and those who 

 formed the tumuli of that country, and lived in its interior. 

 It is quite evident, however, that such a distinction does not 

 hold for the Stone-age men of the St. John river and the Bay of 

 Fundy coast respectively, as many of the weapons gathered on 

 the shores of the lakes which we examined, were quite as rude as 

 those found at Bocabec. 



The difference which has existed in this respect between the 

 collections made on the river St. John and those gathered from 

 the shell heaps on the Bay of Fundy, appears to be due to the fact 

 that around the lakes only the tools and weapons which possessed 

 a good finish were recognized as works of art, and collected by 

 the ordinary observer, and the coarser implements were entirely 

 overlooked. This is quite natural, if we observe how difficult it 

 is to distingnish some of these rude tools from ordinary boulders 

 and stones — such were many of the celts, hammers and scrapers 

 which we collected. 



The flaked implements showed in many cases considerable 

 nicety of finish, and were of several patterns. The spear heads 

 were of two principal types, one a heavy head for a stout spear, 

 the other having a slender point, and being similar to forms 

 which have been thought to be points of fish spears. 



The arrowheads were very variable in size, and were barbed 

 or tined, or wedged-formed at the base. 



We found two types of skin scrapers which are new to the 

 New Brunswick collections: one is of a triangular form, the 

 pointed end of the triangle being for insertion in a handle; the 

 second form was oblong with a rounded back and apparently 

 equally well finished at either end; this may have been intended 



