122 BULLETIN OF THE NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. 



ARTICLE V 



NOTES ON" THE NATURAL HISTORY AND PHYSI- 

 OGRAPHY OF NEW BRUNSWICK. 



By W. F. Ganong, Ph. D. 



14. — On the Lack and Cost of a Topographical Survey of 

 New Brunswick. 



(Read October 4th, 1898.) 



It is of course known to the members of this Society that no 

 unified topographical survey of New Brunswick has ever been made, 

 and no complete topographical map of the province exists. The entire 

 coast line has been surveyed by the British Admiralty which has 

 employed triangulation checked by frequent observations for latitude 

 and longitude, and the results are contained on the well-known 

 admiralty charts. The United States coast survey has made some 

 triangulation about Passamaquoddy Bay, and its results may be found 

 in their charts and reports. In 1841-1843 Captain W. F. W. Owen 

 made a fine traverse and triangulation of the St. John from its mouth 

 to Springhill, but his excellent contour maps were never published, 

 though there is a copy of them in the Crown Land Office at Frederic- 

 ton. Aside from these, there has been no proper topographical sur- 

 veying in New Brunswick, though some determinations of latitude 

 and longitude have been made. Our latest maps, of course, embody 

 all these data ; but for the rest of the Province, they are made up uf 

 pieced-together surveys of the most diverse age scale and authoritj 7 , 

 and hence the best of them are incomplete and inaccurate in many 

 places. Passing from horizontal to vertical topography, the data for 

 the latter are so scanty that our best maps make scarcely an attempt 

 to represent it at all, and show but an occasional haohure star for 

 some very marked height, or, as in the Surface Geology maps by 

 Mr. Chalmers, a limited use of hachures for local elevations. It is 

 true the hachure system has been used on several maps t<> show special 



