Geology of Castlcniaiiie, &c., zvith List of Miticrals. 63 



and a small thrust-plane is shown on railway line just to the east 

 of the Ten Foot Hill bridge, the amount of displacement being 

 about four feet. Dip-faults T have not detected on the surface. 

 By the miners they are known as "cross-heads," and frequently 

 cut otF the reefs or quartz veins. Diagonal faults, or "counters," 

 " caunters " or " quonters," as the miners call them, also occur, and 

 in some cases, as in the "No Name Reef" to the south-west of 

 the Crov/n Nimrod Mine, are occupied by auriferous quartz veins. 

 81icken-sided rock is plentiful, and I have found well-polished 

 faces of quartz from fault walls. Tiie quartz veins usually 

 occupy faults which generally have opened along the bedding- 

 planes. In the creek, to the east of Mr. James Newman's 

 house, a block of sandstone contains small seams of slate and in 

 these slates are many small seams of (piartz, which have formed 

 between the cleavage planes, and do not pass into the uncleaved 

 sandstone. Selwyn* states that the large quartz reefs often 

 occupy a similar position. "Saddle-reefs," such as occur at 

 Bendigo, appear rai-e, and but few reliable instances are recorded. 

 These reefs (formed as Mr. Wm. Nicholas, Mr. E. J. Dunn, and 

 others have minutely described, in cavities produced on the 

 anticlines by the unequal bending power of the various rocks) 

 which are the source of the greater part of the Bendigo gold, are 

 frequently reported in this district from the most impossible 

 places. One mine in particular, during my residence in 

 Castlemaine, reported having struck a "west-leg" of such a 

 " formation " and were cross-cutting east to strike the other leg, 

 which they professed to expect at a very short distance, while, as 

 a matter of fact, the anticline on which alone such a reef could 

 be formed lay at a distance of over 300 feet away. Fortunately, 

 of course, gold occurs plentifully in reefs which are not " saddle- 

 reefs," and "saddle-reefs" are just as likely to be non-auriferous 

 as any others. A small " saddle-reef " was sti-uck in the Ajax 

 mine on the anticline about sixty feet east of the shaft, and 

 another occurs on the Daphne reef anticline in Lost Gully. 

 Many of the mines of the district are near anticlines, but quite 

 as many, if not more, are far from them. As an example of the 

 former, we may note the Devonshire mine, and the eastern shaft 



• Ex. Ess., 1866, p. 13. 



