Geology of Castleiiiaiiie, &c., with List of Minerals. 65 



they die away and are replaced by others, the folds may be com- 

 pared more with sea-waves than with anything else. The Ajax 

 anticline may be taken as an illustration. A well-marked anticline 

 may, as before mentioned, be seen about twenty yards east of the 

 shaft, the strata dipping east and west for some distance from 

 the axis. This axis may be traced, with but a small intermission, 

 caused by a gully crossing it, as far north as the Maldon railway 

 line. Here, as shown in the cutting, it has almost disappeared, 

 and is merely represented by a slight roll in the strata, the main 

 dip being westerly. Still further north, in the cutting in front 

 of the Church of England Parsonage, its only trace is a crump- 

 ling of the slates. The anticline to the eastward is now the 

 main one. Near the Ajax it is scarcely, if at all, noticeable. Its 

 axis is shown at the south end of Barker Street, and it passes 

 through the Corporation quarries in Bull Street, near the railway 

 line, and it is now an important fold. 



Besides this dying away of anticlines, it is of course the rule 

 in disturbed rocks that the axes of the folds are rarely horizontal. 

 Owing to the peculiar structure of the Bendigo "saddle-reefs," 

 and the great extent of the underground workings, Mr. Dunn 

 and the mining surveyors have been enabled to work out the 

 "pitch " or dip of the axis very thoroughly. Similar facilities do 

 not occur in Castlemaine, but in a few instances the top of an 

 arch is sufficiently bared to enable observations to be taken. The 

 most striking example I know occurs near the head of Sailor's 

 Gully,* the gully next to the north of German Gully. (The exact 

 spot is a few yards west of a quartz reef, as shown on the map, 

 crossing the valley). At first sight it appears like a dip-fault, as 

 two parallel bands of sandstone occur with a strong outcrop. In 

 reality, however, they belong to distinct beds, and their disappear- 

 ance north is caused by a " pitch " of about 40° and the bands 

 curve round as they " nose-in " on the flat. This is the highest 

 "pitch" I have noted, but Mr. Dunn records one of 60.°t As 

 attention has only recently been called to the effects of pitch on 

 the structure of our goldfield areas by Mr. Dunn, perhaps a few 

 localities had better be recorded where it can be studied in this 

 district. The anticline at the east end of Lyttleton Street pitches 

 13° to the southward ; another on the east side of Wattle Gully, 



« \ S., 13 S.W. t Loc. cit., p. 12. 



