Geology of Castlemaine^ &€., with List of Minerals. 67 



sandstone, and is best seen from the top of the cutting on the 

 south side. East of the anticline tlie beds dip more and more 

 steeply to the east, and at about thirty paces have completely 

 turned over, and dip west. The syncline near the drain, about 

 150 yards west, behaves similarly, so that a constant westerly dip 

 holds thi'oughout the cutting. The next cutting to the west is 

 still more interesting. It is .350 yards long, and about thirty 

 feet deep for most of its length. An anticline occurs 180 yards 

 from the west end, and, as the rocks are shattered in its vicinity, 

 some care is requisite for its detection. For a few yards east 

 of the anticline the beds have a high easterly dip, then become 

 vertical, and finally turn ovet" with a westerly dip of about 75°, 

 which is maintained to the end of the cutting. The variations 

 in the texture of the beds are great, but, speaking generally, the 

 rocks grow finer as we ascend, and pass from grits to fine grey 

 slates. All the beds are repeated, so that a band of graptolitic 

 slate recurs at each end of the cutting. Fossils were extracted 

 with difficulty, and are badly preserved. Among the forms were 

 Didymograpius bifdus, Tetragraptus bryotioides, T. cadiiceus, 

 Goniograptus sp., Phyllograptus several forms, De?tdrograptiis sp. 

 and Lingulocaris M''Coyi, the horizon being thus clearly shown. 

 The inversion can be clearly traced in several other cuttings, and 

 in the creek sections towards Chewton, but none are so well- 

 marked as this. 



The quarter-sheets do not show that the great amount of 

 inversion here displayed was detected. The only indication of 

 any overturned beds that I can find is given on ^ S., 9 S.W., 

 near the south-west corner, where a brief note records its 

 occurrence. This locality is nearly oii the strike of Chewton and 

 Fryers. I may say that it was on palaeontological grounds that 

 I suspected the inversion, as the succession of the graptolites was 

 not in accord, apparently, with that near Castlemaine. From 

 Wattle Gully to Castlemaine the beds are less disturbed, and the 

 anticlines ai^e more easily detected. A series of about seventy 

 observations gave an average dip of a little over 70°, there being 

 no marked difierence between the amounts of easterly and of 

 westerly inclination, though the general dip is westerly. How far 

 this general westerly dip extends I cannot say. From my own, 

 admittedly imperfect, observations, 1 had put the main synclinq 



