Geology of Castleinaine, &c., with List of Minerals. 69 



these localities, sufficiently well preserved for recognition. Even 

 when, after long practice, I was able to judge that a certain 

 outcrop would yield fossils, a couple of hours work with the pick, 

 often not only showed the correctness of the judgment, but also 

 that cleavage and weathering had almost entirely destroyed the 

 characters of the specimens. Ultimately, however, a few 

 localities were found, from which a fair number of species were 

 procured. The change of fauna from east to west has already 

 been alluded to, but the work of correlating the scattered 

 outcrops at first presented great difficulties, as they were dotted 

 irregularly over six or seven square miles of rugged country, and 

 I was uncertain which were the upper and which the lower beds. 

 Fortunately my lirst systematic attempt was completely successful, 

 and, as I suspected from the general westerly dip, the beds south 

 of Chewton were the lowest. I chose an outcrop at Daphne 

 Reef in Lost Gully, as my starting point. Here, almost on the 

 summit of an anticline, a small excavation yields forms identical 

 Avith those of the central part of Bendigo. The commonest and 

 most characteristic form is Tetragraptiis fruticosus. This occurs 

 of all sizes, and some of my specimens quite dwarf all illustrations 

 I have seen. The branches, after the outward curve, run in 

 a straight line, and the form has the appearance of Didymograptiis 

 Vfractus (Salter), but its true tetragraptid nature is clearly 

 shown in several specimens. In one example from this locality, 

 one branch is over eight inches in length, and is broken at the 

 distal end. T have similar specimens from Bendigo, but none so 

 large. The anticline was traced over very rough ground, north, 

 for three-quarters of a mile, and T. frtiticosus was found all the 

 way, till I found myself in Wattle Gully, to the west of another 

 good locality. Owing to the steep slope of the ground the last 

 part of the work had been very difficult, and I spent over an 

 hour breaking slate, before I found the required specimen of 

 T. fruticosus. This zone, the T. fruticosus zone, is 200 feet below 

 the next above. The intervening rocks are clearly shown in the 

 race, to the south, but yielded no fossils after several visits. 



The second zone, just mentioned, which I worked principally 

 from a small shaft in the South Wattle Gully Claim, is charac- 

 terised by the extreme relative abundance of Didymograptus 

 bifidus, which apparently ranges no higher, though it occurs 



