58 BRONCHI— BRUBRU 



— TTF 



be its true place as belonging to the OLiGOMYOl^r, as that term is 

 used in this work ; but the Ewylsemidse, so far as they have been 

 examined, differ from all other Passeres in " their retention of a 

 plantar vinculum," as first noticed by Garrod {Proc. Zool. Soc. 

 1877, p. 449), which fact led W. A. Forbes to propose for them 

 further separation as Desmodactyli (op. cit. 1880, p. 390), But 

 what seems to be a stronger reason for separating them is that, as 

 Mr. Sclater had already shewn {Bis, 1872, p. 179), the manubrium, 

 or anterior projection of the sternum, is not forked as in other 

 Passeres. According to him in 1888 (Cat. B. Br. Mus. xiv. pp. 

 454-470) the Eurylxmidx comprehend two subfamilies, Calypto- 

 meninse, consisting of the genus Galy])tomena only, and Eurylseminse, 

 containing six genera, two of which, Psarisomus and Serilophus,^ are 

 found in India, while examples of all the rest, the Philippine Sarco- 

 phanops excepted, occur in British territory further to the eastward. 

 They are nearly all birds of great beauty, and the two species of 

 Calyptomena are remarkable for their rich green plumage, and the 

 way in which the frontal feathers project upwards and forwards, so 

 as almost to conceal the bill, and being adpressed form a disk-like 

 prominence. They are frugivorous, but the Eurylxminss seem to 

 be insectivorous. Not much is recorded of their habits, but they 

 are said to be stupid, songless birds, and usually keep in small 

 flocks. {Cf. Gates, B. Br. Burmah, i. pp. 422-431.) 



BRONCHI, adj. bronchial, from fSpoyxos, the windpipe. The 

 thoracic end of the Trachea is divided into a right and a left 

 bronchus. Each bronchus enters the lung of its side and passes 

 through its whole length as mesobronchium, from which go off about 

 10 secondary bronchi towards the surface of the LuNG. In almost 

 all birds — the exceptions being the Cathartidse, true Storks, and 

 Steatornis — the bronchi are strengthened by cartilaginous semirings ; 

 the ends of these rings point towards the median line, and are 

 closed by the inner tympaniform membrane. The right and left 

 membranes are connected with each other by an elastic band, called 

 hronchidesmus. All the rings which partake of the formation of 

 the pessulus of the trachea belong to the latter, the pessulus thus 

 marking the beginning of the bronchi (see also Trachea and Syrinx). 



BRGNZE-WING, the name given in Australia to several 

 species of Pigeon belonging to the genera or so-called genera 

 Phaps, Geophaps, Lophophaps, and Ocyphaps, from the lustrous coppery 

 or bronze-like spots they display on their wings. 



BRUBRU, the name (apparently originating with Levaillant) 

 of a conspicuously-coloured Shrike, the Nilaus hrnlru or N. capensis 

 of modern ornithology. 



^ The style of plumage in this genus recalls that of Ampelis (Waxwing), 

 but no affinity thereto can be thought to exist. 



