70 



CALANDER—CANAR Y-BIRD 



diversified group of birds, like Waders, Pigeons, Spheniscida?, and 

 others, have cteca in various stages of development, l:)Ut it would 

 be a hopeless attempt to explain this diversity in particular instances 

 by reference to the preponderance of animal over vegetable diet, of 

 which in Avikl birds we know so verj^ little. 



CALAXDER (" Chalaundre "' and " Chelaundre,"' Chaucer, 

 Piomaunt of the Bose), Fr. CaJandir, and Ital. Calandra, both from the 

 Latin caliendrum (a head-dress of false hair), a species of Lark, the 

 Alauda calandra of Linn?eus, and the Melanoforypha calandra of 

 later waiters, described by Willughl^y after Olina, and figured by 

 Edwards {Gleaninr/s, pi. 268) as coming from Carolina, a curious 

 mistake, for the bird is not American, but a well-known inhabitant 

 of Europe, though no proof of its occurrence in Britain has been 

 given. It may easily be recognized Ijy its large size, thick bill, 

 and interrupted l)lack collar. 



CALAO, the name under which some old writers wrote of the 

 HORNBILLS ; generally adopted for then\ in French, and found also 

 in scientific nomenclature. 



CALAW or CALLOO— generally followed by ''Duck"— a 

 >Shetlaud name of the Long-tailed DucK. 



CALICO-BIED, one of the many names given to the TURN- 

 STONE on the east coast of North Ameiica (Trumbull, Xnmes and 

 Porir. of B. p. 186). 



CAMPEPHAGA (Caterpillar -eater), the scientific name of a 

 genus of l)irds bestowed by Yieillot, and anglified by Gould for 



certain Australian 

 foi'ms, which, if 

 notbelonii'ini;' to the 

 Laniidai (Shrike), 

 are apparently in- 

 termediate be- 

 tween that Family 

 and the Curvidx 

 (Crow). By some 

 Avriters they are 

 regarded as a separate grouj), Campepliagidx, to which are attached 

 several other forms that inhal)it not only Australia, but the Indian 

 and Ethio]iian Regions. This view will very likely prove correct ; 

 ])ut it would be at present premature to trace the limits of the 

 group, of which Ceblepi/ris may be an extreme example. One of 

 their characteristics is the stiftened shaft of the rump-feathers, so 

 as to feel spinous to the touch ((/. also Oxynotus). 



CANARY-BIRD, a Finch so-called from the islands whence it 

 was apparently first brought, the Fringilhi canaria of Linn»us, and 



Campephaoa. 



Ceblepyris. (After Swainsou. ) 



