FOSSIL BIRDS 285 



while from Steinheim and other places in Bavaria we have several 

 kinds of birds recorded by Dr. Oscar Fraas,^ and the writer {loc. 

 cit.) These include Anas, Ardea, Elornis, Ihia, Larus, Otis, Palse- 

 lodus, and Pelecanus. Anas apparently has also been recorded by 

 Count T. ^alxeidori (3fem. Ace. Torino, ser. 2, xxiv. p. 225) from the 

 Middle Miocene of Monte Bamboli in Italy ; while Chenm-nis 

 described by Prof. Portis {op. cit. xxxvi. art. 3, p. 6) from other 

 Miocene beds of Ceva, in the same country, may belong to the 

 Anseres. From the Miocene of Kadaboj, in Croatia, the foot of a 

 bird has been assigned by Hermann von Meyer to Fiingilla ; while 

 a humerus from that of Germany has been made the type of the 

 genus Ardeacites by Haushalter, being apparently allied to the 

 Herons. From the Upper Miocene of CEningen, on the border of 

 Baden and Switzerland, we have remains of Anas, Anser, Phasianus, 

 and Totanus. In the Miocene of Colorado and New Jersey Prof. 

 Marsh has detected bones of Meleagris, Puffinus, Sula, and Uria, all 

 existing genera ; but the first being especially suggestive, since it 

 is one of the most characteristic forms of the New World. 



The Pliocene ornitholites, possibly from less favourable con- 

 ditions for their preservation, are less numerous than those of the 

 Miocene. From Pikermi in Attica Prof. Gaudry has described a 

 Gallus, somewhat larger than G. sonnerati (the grey Jungle-FowL of 

 India), a Phasianus, a large Grus, and an undetermined Stork. 

 Amphipelargus of the present writer (Cat. Foss. B. Br. Mus. p. 68) 

 is a large Stork from the equivalent beds of Samos. From the 

 Sivalik Hills, on the southern flanks of the Himalayas, we have a 

 Struthio (Ostrich) and a Ratite with three toes, to which he has 

 given (op. cit. p. 354) the name of Hypselmiiis, as Avell as Leptoptihis, 

 Pelecanus and Phalacrocorax. The fossil egg of a bird, called 

 Stnithiolithus by Prof. Alexander Brandt {Bull. Ac. Sc. PMersh. 

 xviii. pp. 158-161; Ibis, 1874, p. 4), and found near Cherson, 

 possibly belongs also to Struthio. Very noteworthy is the discovery 

 of Diomedea (Albatros) in the Suffolk Crag (Q. Journ. Geol. See 

 xliii. p. 366). From the Upper Pliocene of the Val d'Arno Prof. 

 Portis has recorded Fuligula, Totanus, and Uria ; but from that of 

 France the only well-determined form is a Gallus from Auvergne, 

 though traces of other birds have been noticed. From the Pliocene 

 of North America Prof. Marsh has described remains of Aquila, 

 Grus, and Phalacrocorax ; while others, among them a Grouse, 

 Palxotetrix, are reported by Dr. Shufeldt. 



By far the greater portion of the remains of Birds from the 

 Plistocene seem to be generically if not specifically identical with 

 those now inhabiting the district in which they occur, and it 

 must suffice here to mention those which shew a former range more 

 extensive than at present, or have become extinct, presumably with- 

 ^ Die Fauna von Steinheim. Stuttgart : 1870. 



