GALLEY-BIRD— GAMBET 299 



the stomcach into the beginning of the two arms of the duodenal 

 loop. It is present in most Birds, but generally absent in the 

 Columhidse, Psittaci^ and Troddlidse, as also in Cuculus, N'umida, 

 StnUhio, and Bhsa. Its absence has also been noted as an individual 

 peculiarity in Griis, Mergus, Numenius, Tringa, and others ; while as 

 a like individual peculiarity it has, on the other hand, been known 

 to occur in Cockatoos, Cuculus, Pigeons (despite the almost proverbial 

 belief to the contrary), and Bhea — a fact which shews it to be of 

 minor importance. Its shape is very variable, and in the Ca])itonldse, 

 Picidx, and Ehamphastidse it is very peculiar, being a long narrow blind 

 sac, accompanying the duodenum far down. The bile, on leaving 

 the liver, enters the duodenal loop of the intestine by two " hepato- 

 enteric " ducts (of which that coming from its left lobe most fre- 

 quently opens into the middle of the loop or its ascending branch, 

 and but rarely — as in Struthio and the Columhidx — near the pyloric 

 end) ; while the right duct forms by its dilatation the gall-bladder, 

 and consists therefore of a cysto-hepatic and a cysto-enteric duct. 

 When the gall-bladder is absent the right lobe of the liver is 

 emptied by a simple hepato-enteric duct. Sometimes one of these 

 ducts is obliterated, as the right one is in Stnithio, or one of them 

 is double, as in certain Craddse, so that three ducts enter the 

 duodenum (see Digestive System). 



GALLEY-BIRD, given as a Sussex name for a Woodpecker 

 by Mr. Charles Swainson {Prov. Names Br. B., pjD. 99, 100), but 

 not mentioned as such by Mr. Borrer or Mr. Knox. 



GALLIN-^, the fifth Order of the Class Aves in the arrange- 

 ment of Linnaeus, and taken as a whole a very natural one, com- 

 prehending all that are commonly known as Gallinaceous Birds, or 

 those allied to the common FowL (Gallus). Other systematists 

 have varied its title to Gallinacese or Gallinacei, and it is practically 

 equivalent to the Alectoromorph^ of Prof. Huxley. By adding to 

 the Order, as defined by Linnaeus, the Columbse (Dove) and Cnjpturi 

 (TiNAMOU), Illiger in 1811 formed an Order which he called 

 Rasores, a name adopted by many writers for more than half a 

 century, but now generally admitted to be inadmissible. 



GALLINEY, a local name for the domestic Guinea-Fowl. 



GALLINULE, a name given in books to the Moor-Hen, and 

 thence occasionally, with qualification, to others of the Ballidx 

 (Rail). 



GAMBET, Fr. Gamhette, Ital. Gamhetta (Lat. ganiba), which last 

 is said by modern Italian writers to be the common name of the 

 Ruff. The word was anglified by Pennant, and applied to what, 

 in Montagu's opinion {Orn. Did. SuppL), was a bird of that species 



