3 1 o GA ULDING—GA VI.£ 



have tried to make an English word. The origin of the French 

 word was unknown to Littre ; but its application to this bird is 

 probably due to its rapid flight, one meaning of garrot being a 

 crossbow-bolt. 



GAULDING or GAULIN, a word variously spelt, of unknown 

 etymology and originally of doubtful meaning. What seems to 

 be the same word appears as " Goldeine," " Goldynis " (plur.), and 

 "Goldynhis" in an Act of the Scottish Parliament in 1555, accord- 

 ing to Langmuir and Donaldson (Jamieson's Scott. Did. ed. 2), but 

 without explanation, though a connexion is suggested with the 

 Icelandic GuUnd, which is the Goosander. In an Act of 1600 

 (16 Jac. VI. cap. xxiii.) it stands as "Golding," and there at pre- 

 sent it must be left; but " Gaulding," most generally pronounced 

 " Gaulin," is used in the Antilles, and perhaps elseAvhere, for any 

 of the smaller Ardeidx, be they Bitterns or Herons. 



GAUNT, said to be applied in some parts of England to the 

 Great Crested Grebe, and possibly corrupted from Gannet. 



GAVLE, an Order of the Class Aves, proposed by Bonaparte 

 in a Conspectus Systematis OrnitJwIof/ix, which appeared in a tabular 

 form in 1850, and in 1853 was published in a more convenient 

 shape in the Convptes Eendus (xxxvii. pp. 64.3, 647), as well as in 

 the Annates des Sciences Naturelles (ser. 4, i. pp. 107, 142). At 

 first it was made to include two tribes, Totipalnii (Steganopodes) 

 and Longipennes, consisting of FroceUariidse, Laridx, and " Chionidse, " 

 (Sheathbill), but to these was afterwards added a third, Urin- 

 atores, formed of Alciclx, Colymhidx, and " Fodicipidx." By 

 some recent writers the term Gavia3 has been restricted to 

 the Gulls and Terns, or these together with the Auks ; but 

 its original signification should be always borne in mind ; and 

 here it may be remarked that, almost from the beginning of 

 Systematic Ornithology, the woKl Gavia ^ has been used in several 

 senses — for instance, in 1752, by Mohring {Av. Gen. p. 66), as 

 equivalent to the Linntean Larus \ in 1760 by Brisson (though 

 not generically) for the middle-sized and smaller Gulls, together Avith 

 the Noddy; in 1788 by J. E. Forster (Enchirid. Hist. Nat. p. 38) 

 for a genus of Water-birds of which he did not specify the type;^ 

 by Boie (Isis, 1822, p. 563) as the generic name of the short-legged 

 Gulls, Larus eiurneus and L. rissaf and by Gloger in 1842 (Hand- 

 und Eilfsh.f. Naturgscli. p. 433) for the Lapwing (Fanelhis) and 



^ Gavia seems to be still an Italian word signifying Gull, though the deriva- 

 tive Gaibiano is more commonly used. 



2 His diagnosis indicates that he meant what is most commonly called 

 Colymbus (Dialer). 



•" Boie subsequently {Ms, 1822, p. 876 ; 1826, p. 980 ; and 1844, p. 191) used 

 the word in other senses. 



