500 ' KRAAI—LAMMERGEYER 



genus Eudynaniis, a peculiarity of which is that the adult males have 

 a uniform glossy black plumage while the females and young present 

 a very different aspect, being of some brownish tint, variously 

 mottled, barred or spotted. Hence in several Indian languages the 

 two sexes bear different names. The true Koel was long thought 

 to be the Cuculus orientaUs of Linnaeus, but the late Lord Tweeddale 

 shewed (Ibis, 1869, p. 338) that that name applied to a cognate 

 form, and it has since been used for the species of the Moluccas 

 (Salvadori, Ornitol. Fapuas.i. p. 359), and the Indian bird, which also 

 inhabits Ceylon, and stretches across Burma to China (where it has 

 been called E. maculata) and the Malay Archipelago to Timor, is now 

 recognized as Eudynamis honorata or nigra — the latter epithet being 

 especially suited to the male. Australia and New Guinea produce 

 another species, E. cyanocephala or fiindersi, and some three more 

 inhabit other eastern localities. The Koel is parasitic, the hens 

 laying their eggs in Crows' nests (Hume, Nest & Eggs Ind. B. ed. 2, 

 ii. p. 392). 



KRAAI, Dutch for Crow, applied to several species in 

 South Africa. 



LADY-FOWL said to be a name of the Wigeon. 



LAMMEEGEYER {i.e. Lamb -Vulture), or Bearded Vulture, 

 the Falco harhatus of Linnaeus and the Gypaetus harhatus of modern 

 ornithologists, one of the grandest Birds-of-Prey of the Old World 

 — inhabiting lofty mountain chains from Portugal to the borders of 

 China, though within historic times, if not within living memory, 

 it has been exterminated from several of its ancient haunts. Its 

 northern range in Europe does not seem to have extended further 

 than the southern frontier of Bavaria, or the neighbourhood of 

 Salzburg ; but in Asia it formerly reached a higher latitude, having 

 been found even so lately as 1830 in Dauuria (Extermination, p. 

 227, note 1), where according to Dr. Radde (Beitr. Kenntn. Buss. 

 Beichs, xxiii. p. 467) it has now left but its name. It is not 

 uncommon on many parts of the Himalayas, where it breeds, and 

 on the mountains of Kumaon and the Punjab, and is the " Golden 

 Eagle" of most Anglo-Indians. Returning westward, it is found 

 also in Persia, Palestine, Crete, and Greece, the Italian Alps, Sicily, 

 Sardinia and Mauritania ; but can scarcely be said to exist any 

 longer in Carinthia ^ or in Switzerland.^ 



^ Cf. Keller, Jahrb. nat.-Mst. Landesmus. Klagenfurt, 1886, pp. 285-292. 

 2 Dr. Girtaiiner has a valuable paper on this bird in Switzerland (Verhandl. 



