LATIROSTRES— LEVER 513 



the anterior and lateral boundary, and runs out in a point towards 

 the urohyal. To this is attached an unpaired procricoid which 

 articulates with the right and left arytsenoid cartilages, that close 

 the top of the Larynx, and between them encompass the rima 

 glottidis. The Larynx possesses only two muscles of its own, an 

 apertor and a sphincter ; but other tracheal and hyoid muscles are 

 attached to it, while the rima glottidis in Birds is devoid of vocal 

 chords, and hence no voice is produced here, though sounds can be 

 modulated by the approximation or separation of its rigid margins, 

 which are protected by pads of fatty tissue with horny, wart -like 

 hooks upon their surface. An epiglottis, or soft process springing 

 from the anterior corner of the glottis and capable of shutting 

 down upon the latter, such as is found in Mammals, is scarcely 

 developed in Birds, or indicated only by a tranverse fold, which 

 may, as in Anseres, be supported by a little cartilage. In Birds 

 the voice is produced by the Syrinx, sometimes called the Lower 

 Larynx, which is situated at the pectoral end of the TRACHEA. 



LATIROSTRES, Cuvier's name in 1805 for a section consisting 

 of the Spoonbill. 



LAVEROCK or LAVROCK, a Scottish name for Lark. 



LAVY, one of the many local names of the Guillemot. 



LEATHER-HEAD, a name for one or more species of Friar- 

 bird. 



LEVER, or LIVER. Interest has been roused by a statement 

 which Montagu made in 1813 (Suppl. Orn. Bid.) to the effect that 

 the present city of Liverpool took its name from a bird called 

 " Liver " killed on the verge of a " pool," and said by him to be an 

 Ibis (Falcinellus igneus). Several writers have uncritically repeated 

 this story, one part of which is very old, but the identification of 

 the bird with an Ibis was new.^ No one can suppose that this was 

 his invention, but he unfortunately did not give the source of his 

 information. The question of the origin of the name Liverpool^ 

 has been often discussed, and occasionally so warmly (Notes and 

 Queries, ser. 6, ix. pp. 350, 414) that it must here be avoided. 

 The mysterious bird that figured on the ancient corporation seal 

 seems to have been an Eagle, the well-known symbol of St. John 

 the Evangelist (cf. Picton, Memorials of Liverpool, i. p. 18); but 

 that a bird called Liver or Lever was known to heralds is 



^ By most writers it had been said to be a Cormorant, for which there is no 

 authority. 



- Camden gives an Anglo-Saxon form, " Lyferpole vulg. Lerpole," for which ('/ • , / 



there is said to be no real authority, the oldest form known being temp. Hen. II. (* ff^h'.af^fi^ 

 " Lirpul " or " Litherpul " (Baines, Hist. County Palat. Lancaster, Iv. p. 55). (/ 



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