522 LO WAN—L UNGS 



is indigenous to Madagascar, and thence has been mdely dis- 

 seminated), are natives of Africa. These Old- World forms are the 

 " Love-birds " proper ; the others scarcely deserve that designation. 



LOWAN, see Megapode. 



LUGGAR (Hind. Laggar or Lhagar, the female ; Jaqgar or 

 Jhagar, the male), the Falco juggur of ornithology, and well known to 

 Indian sportsmen as the most common of the large Falcons of 

 that country. It belongs to the group containing the Saker and 

 others, which have been called " Desert Falcons," ^ as they prefer 

 the plains or open country to the hills or forest districts. The 

 number of species is uncertain ; but, except the Australian F. 

 hypoleuciis (if that be rightly included among them) they may be 

 recognized by the dull brown colouring of their plumage above, 

 which does not display the light bluish-grey or rufous tints 

 assumed by the Lanners or the Falcons allied to F. peregrinus, 

 while it is doubtful whether the adults assume the bars or hori- 

 zontal max'kings which are generally so characteristic of maternity 

 in the Falconidse. The F. mexicanus or polyagrus of the southern 

 parts of North America, and the rare F. subniger of Australia have 

 been referred to this group. 



LUMME, see Loom. 



LUNDA (Skandin. Lunde), one of the many local names of the 

 Puffin, and doubtless that from which Lundy, the island in the 

 Bristol Channel, is called. 



LUNGS, pidmones, in Birds are symmetrical and comparatively 

 small. They occupy the dorsal portion of the thoracic cavity, 

 above the Heart, Stomach and Liver, and in front of the 

 Kidneys, from the vertebral column to the beginning of the sternal 

 portion of the ribs, which impress themselves deeply upon the 

 dorsal surface of the Lungs, while they are covered ventrally with 

 a serous membrane {pleura). Secondary Bronchi (page 58), besides 

 opening into Air-sacs, send oft" a number of radially-arranged jMra- 

 bronchia, all of which extend to and end blindly near the surface of 

 the Lungs. The walls of these (tertiary) tubes, which form the 

 chief mass of the ordinary tissue of the organs, are perforated 

 in all directions by minute tubules (canaliculi aeriferi), which end in 

 slight swellings, and so far resemble the alveoli of the Mammalian 

 Lung. With these very fine respiratory passages are felted 

 together the capillaries of the pulmonary vessels, so that blood and 

 air, being separated from each other only by the extremely thin 



^ Separated by some systematists as a subgenus or genus Gennaia, properly 

 written GennsRa, and a term inadmissible in nomenclature owing to the prior 

 application of Gennasus to a group of Pheasants. 



