SCANSORES—SCA UP 815 



unknown, and the most plausible suggestions are that the word was 

 a misprint for " Seamel " {i.e. SeA-Mew) or for " Stannel " (a 

 Kestrel). 



SCANSORES, Illiger's name in 1811 {Prodr. p. 194) for his 

 First Order, made to contain 5 Families: — (1) Psittacini, with the 

 genera Psittacus and Pezoporus ; (2) Sermti, made up of Earn])hastos, 

 Pteroglossus, Pogonias, Corythaix, Troijon a.n(X Musophaga; (3) A mphiboU, 

 including Crotophaga, Scythrops, Bucco, Cucuhis and Centropus ; (4) 

 Sagittilingues, formed by lynx and Pirns ; and (5) Syndadyli, con- 

 sisting of Galhula. 



SCAPULAPiS, a set of feathers on each side of a bird's dorsal 

 surface, so called as lying along the scajmlai or shoulder-blades ; 

 but by some writers termed Humerals, since they run across the 

 humeri. These feathers form part of the parapteron of Illiger and 

 Sundevall, and in some groups of birds are very conspicuous and 

 characteristic. 



SCARF (Icel. Skarfr), otherwise SCART, a local name for a 

 Cormorant or Shag. 



SCAUP, the wild-fowlers' ordinary abridgment of ScAUP-DuCK, 

 meaning a Duck so called "because she feeds upon Scaup, i.e. 

 broken shel-fish," as may he seen in Willughby's 

 Ornithology (p, 365); but it Avould be more 

 proper to say that the name comes from the 

 " Mussel-scaups," or " Mussel-scalps," ^ the beds 

 of rock or sand on which mussels (Mytilus edulis, 

 and other species) are aggregated — the Anns ^^^°^^'^^"^'^^':^' 



■•^ ' nT (After Swamson.) 



marila of LinniTeus and Nyroca or FuUgida mania 

 of modern ornithology, a very abundant bird around the coasts of 

 most parts of the northern hemisphere, repairing inland in spring for 

 the purpose of reproduction, though so far as is positively known 

 hardly but in northern districts, as Iceland, Lapland, Siberia and the 

 fur-countries of America. It was many years ago believed {Edinh. 

 N. Philos. Journ. xx. p. 293) to have been found breeding in Scotland, 

 but assertions to that effect have not been wholly substantiated, 

 though apparently corroborated by some later evidence (Proc. N. H. 

 Soc. Glasg. ii. p. 121, and Proc. Phys. Soc. Edinh. vii. p. 203). The 

 Scaup-Duck has considerable likeness to the Pochard, both in 

 habits and appearance ; but it much more generally atfects salt- 

 water, and the head of the male is black, glossed with green, and 

 hence the name of " Black-head," by which it is commonly known 

 in North America, where, however, a second species or race, smaller 

 than the ordinary one, is also found, the iV. or F. affinis. The 



1 "Scalp" primarily signities a shell; cf. Old Dutch schelpc and Old Fr. 

 escalope (Skeat, i^tymol. Dictionary, p. 528). 



