looo TYRANT— UMBRELLA-BIRD 



between them is deep seated.^ Nor is this all, for out of 

 the 80 genera, or nearly, into which the Tyrannidse have been 

 divided, a series of forms can be selected which find a kind of 

 parallel to those found in the Oscines ; and the genus Tyrannus, 

 though that from which the Family is named, is by no means a 

 fair representative of it ; though it would be hard to say which 

 genus should be so accounted. The birds of the genus Musci- 

 saxicola have the habits and almost the appearance of Wheatears ; 

 the genus Aledorurus calls to mind a Wagtail ; Euscarthmus may 

 suggest a Titmouse, Elainea perhaps a Willow -Wren ; but the 

 greater number of forms have no analogous bird of the Old World 

 with which they can be compared ; and, while the combination of 

 delicate beauty and peculiar external form possibly attains its 

 iitmost in the long-tailed Milvulus, the glory of the Family may be 

 said to culminate in the king of King-birds, Muscivora regia, and its 

 three allied species. 



u ■ 



ULNA, the more curved and stouter of the two bones of the 

 forearm (the other being the radius, p. 762). Its proximal end 

 forms the olecranon (p. 654) process, and its distal end articulates 

 with two bones of the carpus (p. 77). The attachment of the 

 CUBITAL remiges (p. 118) often causes rugosities on its dorsal 

 sm-face. (See Skeleton, p. 859.) 



UMBRE, Pennant's rendering in 1773 {Gen. B. p. 44) of Bris- 

 son's Ombreite (cf. Hajvimer-head, p. 405, and Stork, p. 920). 



TJMBEELLA-BIRD,2 the Cephalopterus ornatus of Geofi"roy-St. 

 Hilaire {Ann. Mus. xiii. p. 228, pi: 15) the " Umbrella'd Chatterer " of 

 Shaw {Nat. Misc. xxi. pi. 897), so called from the remarkable crest 

 of feathers it wears, the shafts of which, when it is displayed, says 



^ This is not the place to dwell upon the essential nature of the difference ; 

 but two easy modes of discriminating them externally may be mentioned. All 

 the Laniidss and Muscicapidx have but nine primary quills in their wings, 

 and their tarsi are covered with scales in front only ; while in the Tyrannidx 

 there are ten primaries, and the tarsal scales extend the whole way round. The 

 more recondite distinction in the structure of the trachea seems to have been 

 first detected by Macgillivray, who -wrote the anatomical descriptions published 

 in 1839 by Audubon {Orn. Biog. v. pp. 421, 422) ; but its value was not 

 appreciated till the publication of Johannes Miiller's celebrated treatise on the 

 vocal organs of Passeres {Ahh. k. Ak. Berlin, 1845, pp. 321-405). 



- I iind this name first in print, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 91 ; but Gould 

 there uses it for the bird as being "commonly so called." In 1836 Swainson 

 {Classif. B. i. p. 41) likened its crest to an umbrella. 



