THE PHYLLOXERA, OR GRAPE LOUSE OF THE VINE. 125 



1887, representing as it does the results of unlimited 

 experiments and long years of practical work." The 

 struggle against the phylloxera goes on by submersion, 

 insecticides, and by replanting with American vines in 

 the following proportion :— j,„,,,e, ^, ,„,, ,^^^,^^_ 



1887 1885 



Submersion ... ... 66,662 50,847 



Sulphide of carbon ...165,512 101,462 



Sulpho-carbonate ... 22,050 13,067 



American vines ...416,292 188,205 



It may thus be seen that great preference is shown for 

 resistant vines, the acreage rising in two years from 

 188,205 acres to the enormous figures of 416,292 acres. 

 The answers to the question so often put to me by vin 

 growers, "Are resistant vines a success ? " We have pub- 

 lished advice on the subject continuously, but there does 

 not exist to-day in the whole state 2,000 acres of resistant 

 vines. Those resistants which have been properly selected, 

 planted, and cared for are to-day monuments of success, 

 but they are too few to save us from the growing ravages 

 of this pest. 



It will be noted in the above that the use of carbon- 

 bisulphide has largely increased in France ; that the use 

 of sulpho-carbonates, because of the great expense 

 attached, has grown less popular. The number of vine- 

 yards is nearly constant, because of the special natural 

 requirements of this process. 



California vineyardists can point with pride and assur- 

 ance to the planting of grafted resistant vines belonging 

 to Mr. Julius Dressel, of Sonoma, when, in the midst of 

 ravaging phylloxera, and on soil of very moderate worth, 

 a magnificent yield of choice varieties has already been 

 secured by this means. Others have been similarly 

 successful in growing and grafting resistant vines ; but I 

 have, as yet, found no other test so severe in its nature as 

 that conducted at Mr. Dressel's vineyard. Mr. Dressel 

 states that he is perfectly satisfied with the " riparia " as 

 a grafting stock, easy to root, and sufficiently vigorous in 

 his soil to supply any vigorous growing variety. The 



