142 REVIEW — TROPICAL MEDICINE, ETC. 



Oriental cleans tho sore and uses 10 pei- cunt, ferropyrin solution to stop the bleeding. Thereafter 



Sore— tho sore is well moistened with 50 per cent, solution of biniuriate of quinine and collodion 



continued dressing applied. The same procedure is repeated daily until complete cure results ; at the 



same time, it is sometimes advisable to inject quinine into the periphery of tho sore. By 



this treatment a complete euro usually results in from 7 to 11 days. 



He also oites the recent work of Schulgin, who advocates freezing of the sore with ether. 

 This procedure, tried in 300 cases, yielded very good results. 



Two French papers may be cited, though they are mainly of a confirmatory nature, 

 as regards the discovery of Wright's parasite. 



Mesnil, Nicolle and Remlinger' describe it as discovered in Aleppo button, and Nattan- 

 Larrier and Bussiere- record its discovery in ten cases of Oriental sore at a place on the 

 Persian Gulf. These last two observers examined the blood of their cases, but failed to find 

 the parasite in the peripheral circulation. 



Parasites. Under this comprehensive title one proposes to deal merely with 

 general papers on metazoan parasites and such articles as have for their subject the 

 consideration of new or little-known African forms likely to be encountered in the Sudan. 

 We know very little about the metazoan parasites existing in this country, and yet, being 

 so near Egypt and in such close communication with that " land of worms," as it may 

 almost be called, there must be many species, while in the southern regions rare or 

 unknown forms are certain to exist. It is a branch of study which would well repay 

 attention, but for its proper elucidation a trained helminthologist is a necessity. It may 

 yet be possible to arrange that such an observer should have the use of the Floating 

 Laboratory and devote his time to the human and animal Bntozoa of the Sudan. If so, 

 much valuable information may be expected. At the same time Dr. Leiper's paper on 

 the material collected by Dr. Wenyon, adds very considerably to our knowledge. 



That the importance of the subject is now fully recognised is shown by a paper of 

 Sambon^ on the part played by metazoan parasites in tropical pathology. 



Dealing first with recently-discovered entozoa, he alludes to Necator americanus, and 

 then mentions the new strongyloid of man, Trioduutophonis dimimdus, of American origin, 

 and possibly a cause of tropical anaemia. QHsophaijostoinnm hrumpti is anotlier Sclerostome, 

 found by Brumpt in the form of six immature females, in cyst-like nodules in the walls 

 of the caecum and colon of a negro in West Africa. 



His remarks as regards the Schistosomidae have already been partly recorded [see 

 " Bilharziosis," page 17), but in this paper he mentions the finding by Christophers and 

 Stephens of schistosomum eggs in the urine of a Madras native suffering from liaematuria. 

 These eggs diifer from those of 8. hiematohium by their greater length and peculiar 

 spindle-like shape. 



Speaking of Looss's work, he mentions the removal of Opistorchis sinensis, the Asiatic 

 liver fluke from the genus Opistorchis to the new genus Clonorchis, and recalls the fact 

 that under the old term two separate species had been confounded. There is, then, a 

 large form (C. sinensis) usually present in small numbers and comparatively harmless, and 

 a smaller one (0. endemicus) always occurring in large numbers, and distinctly harmful. 

 Both are found in China and Japan, and though their structural differences are very 

 slight, Looss is convinced that be is correct in separating them, and in support of his 

 contention cites two other trematodes, Opistorchis felineiis and Opistorchis geminus, which 

 must likewise be recognised as separate species, though not presenting the slightest 

 difference in their structural organisation. 0. felineus is a European species, inhabiting 

 the liver of certain beasts of prey, especially cats, and occasionally man. It has never 

 been found in Egypt, neither in man nor in canine or feline animals, both wild and 

 domestic, though purposely looked for. 0. geminus is a common parasite in Egypt. It 

 inhabits tho liver of certain birds, amongst them the common Egyptian kite (Milvus 

 .•Bgijptius) , which never leaves the country, and must perforce acquire the parasite in it. 

 It is quite reasonable, therefore, to infer that the Avian Opistorchis indigenous in Egypt, 



' Mesnil, F., Nicolle, M., aud Remlinger, M. (January 2'2nd, 1908), " Recherche du protozaire de Wright 

 dana 10 cas de bouton d'Alep." BuH. Soc. Path. Exot., Vol. I., No. 1. 

 ' Loc. cit. 



' Sambon, L. (January 15th, 1908), " The Part, played by Metazoan Parasites in Tropical Pathology." 

 Jounial of Tropical Medicine ami Hygiene, Vol. XI. 



