200 KEVIEW — TROPICAL MEDICINE, ETC. 



Ticks— Palps of fairly uniform width throughout indicate one of the other genera. 



continued If there is no great difference in the length of the palpal joints, and spherical eyes are present, it is probably 



Hyaloinma. If a male, it may be determined immediately by the four anal plates and two additional posterior 

 chitinous joints. 



If the second palpal joint is much the longest, it is either Amblyotnma or Aponomma, the first having eyes, 

 the second, not. Moreover, the tick will probably be ornate, and an ornate long-rostrumed tick from a domestic 

 animal is sure to be A mbhjomma. 



If the rostrum is of the short type, its shape leaves little doubt of the genus. 



If the width across the base of the palps is considerably greater than that of the transversely rectangular 

 rostral base the genus is Hcemaphysalis. Verify by the absence of eyes. 



Dennacentor may have a somewhat rectangular ro.stral base, and more or less bulging palps, but eyes are 

 present, and the ticks are generally ornate. If a male, note the fourth cosfe, much longer than the others. 



In Rhipicephalus and Bonphilus the rostral base is hexagonal, being pointed laterally. Distinguish by the 

 extremely short-ridged palps and circular peritremes in Boophilm, and the moderate unridged palps and comma- 

 shaped peritremes, of Rhipicephalus. 



Notes on the diagnosis of species follow, and he points out the great variability that 

 exists and the presence in many species of "high males" and "low males." The latter 

 are small and poorly characterised specimens, the former large and with their characteristic 

 points greatly emphasised. He says that the extremes of series would certainly be taken 

 for different species, but numerous intermediate forms connect them. From a list of the 

 principal species attacking domestic animals, with notes on their distribution, we pick out 

 those which are found in Africa, and refer the reader to Mr. King's paper on " Sudanese 

 Ticks" (Third Eeport). 



Hcvinnphysidis punctata. — Chiefly on sheep. 



ffa-iiHtphijsa/is hachi. — In South Africa. On the dog. 



Maryarupus (single species only). — In South Africa. On the horse. 



Rhipicephalus sanguineus. — On all domestic animals. (The dog tick of the Sudan.) 



„ bursa. — On all domestic animals. 



„ simus. — On all domestic animals. 



„ evertsi. — On all domestic animals. 



„ capensis. — In South Africa. On cattle. 



„ appcndiculritus. — In South Africa. On cattle. 



Hyalmnma c^gyptium. — On all domestic animals. 

 Amblyomma hcbra:um. — In South Africa. Chiefly on cattle. 



„ variegatum. — On cattle and sheep. (A variety is common in the Southern Sudan.) 



Massey' gives a long list of ticks collected by him from various animals on the Congo- 

 Zambesi water-shed, and identified for him by Neumann and Nuttall. Amongst these we 

 note a few not given in Warburton's list, i.e. Ehipicephalus lunulatus, E. sujoertritiis, 

 B. attenuatus and B. gladiger, all new species found on the horse ; also a variety of Margaropus 

 annidatus (decoloratt(s) , from the ox. 



Some of these and several other new species of Ixodidae, have been recently described 

 at length by Neumann,-' who has also described^ two new African species from bovines under 

 the names Ehipicephalus duttoni and B. longus. In the same paper he gives a table of 

 differentiation of males of the various species of Ehipicephalus. 



Nuttall' begins his Harben Lectures for 1908 with a consideration of the Ixodoidea, 

 and we transcribe a useful table which he has compiled : — 



List op Disease-bearing Ixodoidea 

 Redwater in cattle is transmitted by : — 

 Boophihis annulatus. 

 B. dugesi (australis). 

 B. decoloratus. 

 Ixodes ricinus. 

 Rhipicephalus capensis. 



Hwmaphysalis punctata (in experiments by Stockman). Suspected are Rhipicephalus evertsi and 

 IJyalomma cegyptium, since Koch states he observed the development of Piroplasma in 

 these species. 

 Rhodesian fever in cattle is transmitted by : — 

 Rhipicephalus appcndiculatv,s. 

 Rhipicephalus simus. 



' Massey, A. Y. (March 2nd, 1908), "Some Ticks of Central Africa." Journal of Tropical Medicine and 

 Hygiene, Vol. XI. 



' Neumann, L. Q. (March 20th, 1908), " Notes sur les Ixodid^s." Arch, de Parasit., t. XII., No. 1. 



' Neumann, L. Q. (February 1, 1907), "Description of two new Species of African Ticks." Annals of 

 Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Ser. T.M., Vol. I., No. 1. 



* Nuttall, a. H. P. (July, 1908), "The Ixodoidea, or Ticks." Journal of the Royal Institute of Public 

 Health, Vol. XVI, No. 7. 



