REVIEW — TEOPICAL MEDICINE, ETC. 201 



Redwater in sheep is transmitted by : — Ticks — 



Rhipicephalus bursa. conliimed 



Malignant jaundice in dogs is transmitted by : — 

 Hcemaphijsalis Icachi. 

 Rh ip icephalus sanguineus. 



Biliary fever in horses is transmitted by : — 

 Rhipicephalxis everlsi. 



Heartwater in goats and sheep is transmitted by : — 

 Amblyomma hebntum. 



Rocky Mountain SjMtted fever in man is transmitted by : — 

 Dcrmaccntor occidentalis. 



Spirocluetosis in fowls is transmitted by : — 

 Argas persicus. 



(also by A. rcflcxus and Ornithodoros nwubata, as has been experimentally proved). 



Spirochaitosis in cattle is transmitted by : — 

 Boophilus decoloratus. 



Spirochatosis in man (African relapsing fever) is transmitted by: — 

 Ornithodoros mo ubata . 



An interesting account is given of the preventive measures in force against Boophihis 

 in the United States. 



Lounsbury,! in a paper on ticks and East Coast fever, while showing that the usual 

 carrier of the disease is B. appendicnlatus, incriminates four other species of the same genus, 

 one of which, E. nitens (the Shiny-Brown Tick) has not yet been mentioned in this review. 

 The others are the Bed Tick {B. evertsi) ; the Capensis Tick (E. capensis) ; and the Black 

 Pitted Tick {B. sinms). He gives a description of the different species which, with 

 the exception of B. evertsi, possess a similar life-history. "While they resemble each other 

 in appearance the members of this group are easily distinguished from the various other 

 ticks that frequent cattle. The same author, in speaking of cattle dip for ticks, says : — 

 (1) Arsenic is the principal agent which acts on the ticks in these dips ; (2) That only the 

 preparations containing the largest percentage of arsenic, that is, only those that were 

 estimated to contain one pound of arsenic to 30 gallons of water, ever destroyed the ticks ; 

 and in most cases even these strongest mixtures failed to prevent a few females from 

 maturing. Mostly, however, such females die without laying eggs, and nearly all the eggs 

 laid, failed to hatch. 



Mayo-* states that in Cuba a solution of Cebadilla seed in spirit has been found very 

 efficient, as has the so-called Cuban dip, which is a modification of dips used in Australia 

 and South Africa, and is made up as follows : — 



Arsenious acid, 8 lb. 



Soda carbonate cryst., 24 lb. 



Yellow soap, 24 lb. 



Pine-tar, 1 gallon. 



Water, 500 gallons. 



Dissolve the arsenic in 20 gallons or more of water by boiling for 30 or 40 minutes. When dissolved, add 

 100 gallons of water. Dissolve the soap and soda in 20 gallons of boiling water, first shaving the soap, and while 

 boiling add the pine-tar in a thin stream and stir until it is dissolved. Mix this with the arsenical solution and 

 add siilBcient water to make 500 gallons. 



This solution kills the ticks and does not irritate the cattle, but it does cause some irritation to the thin skin 

 of the arms of men who work in the solution for more than two days. 



It may be used as a hand-dressing or with a spray-pump, and gives excellent results. 



It is interesting to note that in the Sudan the natives employ, with some success, a 

 solution of henna as a dressing for fowls infested with Argasidie. 



Manson^ gives a short account of the history of Ornithodoros mouhata, and Newstead'' 

 has also described it. Wellman adds a note and correction on the length of time which 

 elapses between impregnation and egg-laying. This ^jroved to be nearly two months (fifty- 

 seven days). The females are known to live four months after ovipositing. 



' Louusbury, C. P. (May, 1906). Cape of Good Hope Agricultural Journal, Vol. XXVIII., No. 5. 



- Mayo, N. S. (June, 1906), "Dips for Cattle Ticks." American Veterinary Review, Vol. XXX. Quoted in 

 Journal of Tropical Veterinary Science, October, 1906, p. 454. 



' Slanson, Sir P. (London, 1907). Tropical Diseases, 4th Edition. 



" Newstead, R. (August 15th, 190.=)), " On the Pathogenic Ticks concerned in the Distribution of Disease in 

 Man, with Special Reference to the Differential Characters of Ornithodoros Moubata." Journal of Tropical 

 Medicine, Vol. VIII. 



• Ai'ticle not consulted in the original. 



