so.Mi''. ■nniiAi, cusTOjrs in theiu khIiAtion to srninciNE and jioi;alk 2.)7 



Nos. 7 to 10 are carried and scrapings taken internally for their supposed aphrodisiac 

 effect. They are very closely allied to the "Pretty" Love Charms, yet to be descril)ed, 

 among the (?o»/>-. 



11. Kudo {(l(iiii-). X section of root carried by travellers to protect them against 

 their hosts in strange villages. Chewed it is said to act as a hypnotic. 



(//) (lliji-ria of III I idctiri-' riiliir 



These might be termed "Pretty" charms, they include the trinkets, etc., above "pretty" 

 referred to. Many such cha)'ms have no recognised object or effect but are collected by '^''^'"'^ 

 the wearer and carried, as the Arabs say, " Sakit " or, as we should express it, " For luck." 

 The majority, however, are, •As.proii'ctivK maacotn, supposed to possess the quality of attracting 

 and fixing the regard of the Evil Spirit or Evil Eye and so diverting it from the wearer. 

 As Lore Chanini, on the other hand, one must presume that they attract the lady's eye but 

 rapidly divert it to the more pleasing personal qualities of the possessor. Among these 

 attractive objects are such things as claws, teeth, bright feathers, coloured stones all 

 bizarre or pleasing, whilst a sardine tin-opener and a "sparklet" bulb, which I saw worn 

 at M'volo, nuist be numbered amongst the mysterious. 



Some of those having a recognised purpose are : — 



1. Bi Bill {Ni/aiii-ui/atii). Numerous small segments of a root worn to pi'otect the 

 owner from accident and disease, also to "turn away wrath." 



2. Magoforo ((luur). A Gour charm of the same nature as No. 1. 



3. Human Teeth (.Himr). A necklace {riilr Plate XVIII., tig. 2) made of human 

 teeth (mostly milk teeth and incisors, the wearer's were among them). This secures a 

 long life to the possessor and increases his fertility. 



4. Scented Wood (Gunr). Segments of scented wood alternating with lu'ight blue 

 beads, worn on a necklace as a love charm. (The belief in scents as aphrodisiacs is, 

 I imagine, quite universal.) 



5. A Love Zone {(Jour) {ride Plate XVIII. , tig. 3). Consisting of a number of 

 primitive little bells and hard nuts strung on a leather girdle round the wearers' waist. 

 (This has its equivalent in the Haguh worn by Arab women). 



6. A Love Charm {Jtmir). Small rudely decorated segments of cane worn pendant 

 as Love Charms. 



7. Tortoise-shell {h'luir) {viilr Plate XVIII., tig. 4). A disc of tortoise-shell worn to 

 attract tish to the bait —among the Nyam-nyam this has been described as a Love Charm. 



((•) <U>urentiii)iiil nr .■<perific rhiiriii:f 



A system of charms, having an established and recognised potentiality, .\uiongst Conventional 

 them are :— "^'^'"'^ 



1. 11 liistlc charms (X ijn lu-iujaiu) 



These {vide Plate XVII., tigs. 2 and 3) have already been dealt with mulov the heading 

 of "The Whistling Cure"; little further iu!ed be added, save to name a few varieties. 



The charms consist of small cylinders of wood (4 by 6 inches long), burnt or stained 

 on the surface, which is finely polished. At one end they are slightly hollowed to form the 

 whistle, at the other perforated for a brass or leather carrying loop. 



(a) The Oulouru is to attract the love and attention of women. 



(ft) Bagbaoy, a whistle tied to the native Lyre or Kude (as those charms frequently 

 are), is to drive away fear ; scrapings are also taken medicinally for headaciie. 



(c) Ingbara .Vmgunza, to protect from accident and bring success wliile hunting. 



