302 



SOME MUNICIPAL ENGINEEKING I'KOBLEMS IN THE TEOFICS 



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f^i'ound rapidly bocaiiic fouled, Init since the wash pits were put in the type has proved 

 fairly satisfactory, and it is easily and cheaply constructed. A trial is about to be made 

 with special sanitary tiles and disinfectant in urinals, which it is hoped will effect a 

 further improvement. 



The combined latrine and urinal, illustrated in Fig. 97, shows the type adopted by the 

 authors for a large primary day school in Khartoum. It has proved a good pattern, well 

 ventilated and easily kept clean, though it would probably be advantageous either to 

 provide a separate wash pit or to bring the main wash pit down to the urinal end, as this 

 requires more frequent cleansing than the latrine proper. 



The Type drawings issued by the Municipality for both European and Native Latrines 

 are shown in Figs. 99 and 100. The iron pins set in the floor ensure the bucket being 

 placed properly under the seat, and, with the small clearance of about three inches 

 allowed between the bucket and the under side of the seat, prevent the floor becoming 

 fouled. To avoid the unsightliness of bucket doors opening on to the streets, regulations 

 have recently been issued requiring bucket openings on certain main roads either to be 

 placed in a screened recess or to be closed by a false door of ordinary proportions, so 

 as to avoid making the existence of the latrine unduly prominent. 



The Conservancy system, as inaugurated in Khartoum in January, 1907, was fully 

 described in the " Sanitary Notes" already referred to. It is further dealt with, and the 

 experiments carried out with a view to the treatment of the sewage in intermittent septic 

 tanks, and the proposed irrigation of the Sewage Farm are described in a paper on 

 " Some Aspects of Tropical Sanitation," read by the Medical Officer of Health at the 

 recent Sanitary Conference, and reprinted elsewhere in this Eeport. A well of 6 metres 

 diameter is being sunk and a small steam pumping installation established in which it is 

 proposed to utilise the refuse at present being consumed in a two-cell destructoi- at the farm. 



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