SAWFLIES. ANTS, WASPS, BEES, ETC. 105 



intertwine to form a pseudo-tube. (Plate 25, Fig. 

 5,) In the centre of this so-formed tube the elon- 

 gate ligula can be moved freely. 



The metamorphosis of the Order Hymenoptera is 

 ^ perfect or complete. The larva in the sawflies is 

 a grub with three or more pairs of legs and anal 

 claspers. (Plate 14, Figs. 10 and 11.) But the 

 typical larva is a legless grub or maggot. It dififers 

 in most cases from the dipterous or fly maggot, 

 in that the head and thorax are bent over on to the 

 abdomen thus being a "hooked maggot." (See 

 Plate 16, Fig. 2.) It is usually soft and delicate 

 because it is protected in sand homes, in mud cells. 

 in cells of wax or paper. The larva of the saw 

 fly, which feeds on leaves of Eucalyptus has a 

 tough integument, for it is exposed and moves about 

 freely to obtain food for itself. The pupa 

 (Plate 16, Fig. 11) is very often enclosed in a co- 

 coon, the appendages of the pupal ])ody are some- 

 what free and not so closely adpressed to the body 

 as is the case with the moth pupa. The cocoon 

 varies according to whether it is exposed or pro- 

 tected. In mud-daubers where the cocoon is pro- 

 tected in the mud-cell it is very brittle, while those 

 that are more exposed are woolly and strong. 



External Features of the Adult. — The three parts 

 of the body, the head, thorax, and abdomen, are 

 easily distinguished. (Plate 15, Fig. 2.) The 

 head is usually well separated from the thorax by 

 a narrow neck. The thorax is stout and broad. 

 The first or part of the first abdominal segment 

 is added to and fused with the thorax. It is termed 



