REMEDIES AGAINST MOSQUITOES 185 



Company. It thus appears that this is not a hij^h-priced 

 oil, and very likely in case of large-scale community work 

 it could be bought by the tank-car at a verj^ reasonable 

 rate. 



Kerosene may be applied simply hy pouring it upon 

 the surface of the water, when it will spread of itself, or 

 be spread rapidly by light winds, or it may be spread 

 through a spraying nozzle. A spraying method was used 

 successfully on Staten Island by Mr. Kerr and his asso- 

 ciates. The laborers employed were furnished with 

 bucket-pumps and were able to throw the spray into 

 ponds for a considerable distance from the shore. The 

 use of a spraying nozzle, however, does not seem to me 

 to be desirable. I watched the oiling of ponds by this 

 method at a New Jersey town, where the work was being 

 carried on under the auspices of a ladies' town-improve- 

 ment association, in the early summer of 1900. The water 

 treated was all in small woodland ponds and there was a 

 great waste of kerosene. The spray was diffuse, and be- 

 came scattered over the vegetation on the borders of the 

 ponds, a large share of it being wasted in this way. On 

 small iDonds the oil can be sprinkled to advantage out of 

 an ordinary watering-pot with a rose nozzle, or, for that 

 matter, pouring it out of a dipper or a cup will satisfac- 

 torily treat a small pond of, say a hundred square feet of 

 water surface. With larger ponds, a pump with a straight 

 discharge nozzle may be used. The straight stream will 

 sink and then rise and spread, until the whole surface of 

 the pond can be covered without waste. The English 

 observers advise mopping the petroleum upon the surface 



