:338 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



•Osten Sacken, C. B. Ou the Trausfonnatious of Simulium. Am. Eut. 



'2:'2-U. With references 

 -Planchon, J. E. llistoire crime larva aquati(iue des geure Simulium. 



Moutpellier. 1844. p.l5 

 Ponl. U'ohl & Koller). "A Brazilian Test," iu Iteise in das luuere vou 



Brazil. 1832 

 Riley, C. V. The Death Web of Young Trout. Net of Simulium larvae. 



Am. Eut. 1870. 2:227-28 



S. p i s c i c i d i u m. Am. Eut. 1870. p.3GG, 3G7 



Simulium from Lake Superior. Am. Nat. 1881. 15:916 



Buffalo Gnat Problem, abstract. Am. Ass'n Adv. Sci. Proc. for 



1887. May 1888. 36:362 



S. p e c u a r u m and m e r i d i o n a 1 e . U. S. Com. Agric. Rep't 



for 1886. 1887. p.459-592 

 .Schiodte. S. f u s c i p e s. Kvaegmyggen. Berliugske Tideude. May 16, 



1878 

 Schonbauer. Geschichte der schaedlichen Kolumbatczer Miickeu in 



Banuat. 1795 

 Theobald. Simulium Larvae. British Flies, p. 166 

 Tomosvary, Edward. Im Auftrage d. K. ung. Minist. f. Ackerbau, etc. 



Uel)ers. v. Job. Wieny. 1885 

 Tounsend, C. H. T. On the Correlation of Habit in Nematocerous and 



Brachycerous Diptera, between Aquatic Larvae and Blood-sucking Adult 



Females. N. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour. 3:134, 136 

 On a species of Simulium from Grand Canon of Colorado. Am. 



Ent. Soc. Trans. 1898. 20:45 

 Verdat, G. J. Memoire pour servlr a I'histoire des Simulies. Naturw. 



Auz. d. Schweiz. Ges. 1822 

 "Webster, F. M. Report on the Buffalo Gnats. U. S. Dep't Agric. Div. 



Eut. Bui. 4. 1887. p.29 

 Weissmann. Ueber die Entstehung des vollendeten Insecteu in Larve 



und Puppe, p.25-30, tab. 1, 2, 3 

 Westwood. The Water Cress Fly. Gardner's Chron. 1848. p. 204 



The life histories of some of the members of this family hav.e 

 long; been known. Otto Fabricius in 1784^ published an arli- 

 <-le, " Beschreibung der Atlasmiicke und ihrer Puppe." A little 

 later (1795) Schonbauer published his account of the immature 

 stages of the Columbacz midge. He was the first to state 

 that these earlier stages are passed in the water. In 

 1822 appeared Verdat's paper, on Simulium s e r i - 

 ceum (=S. rep tans, according to Schiuer) in which 

 he figures the pupa, the larva, together with enlarged 

 details of the mouth parts of the latter. Among other 

 early writings on life history may be mentioned Fries's 



1 Schr. d. Berl. Ges. naturf. Fr. 5:254-59. tab.3, fig.1-5. 



