AQUATIC JXSECTS IX NEW YORK STATE 337 



The pupae are incased in cocoons which are firmly fixed to- 

 the rocks, tii^se cocoons sometimes occurring in dense masses, 

 forming a carpetlike covering on the rocks; in other species they 

 occur separately or in small groups. The pupae, like the larvae,, 

 breathe by tracheal gills; but in this stage the gills are borne 

 by the prothorax. The adult fiy, on emerging from the pui)a 

 skin, rises to the surface of the water and takes flight at once. 

 Soon after this the eggs are laid. 



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