73 



TRANSFORMATIONS OF INSECTS. 



in the engraving, and their peculiar horn-shaped prominences 

 may be noticed behind their heads. '* An angular chrysdis is repre- 

 2nted hung by its tail end and slung also by a girdle of silk to 



se 



W "^ 



MEMBRANOUS FEET OF CATERPILLARS. 

 I. Papilio machaon. 2. Vanessa urticse. 3- Charaxes jasius. 4- Thecla W. album. 



a Stem. The caterpillar does not spin a cocoon, but slings itself, 

 and the chrysalis stage is completed in May. 



The special adaptation of the external organs of the cater- 

 pillar to definite methods of existence is very noticeable. Thus, 

 in Carolina, Virginia, and Louisiana, there are swallow-tails 



CATERPILLAR AND CHRYSALIS OF PapiUo Viachaoil. 



{Papilio astcrias) whose caterpillars live on umbelliferous plants, 

 like those of Papilio machaon, and their oral (mouth) struc 

 tures, and their feet, are like those of the coirmon European 

 insect. In the same districts a Papilio troilus lives on laurels 

 in its caterpillar state, and the larva has its labrum or upper 

 lip more split than the others, so as to hold the leaf it gnaws 

 —moreover, the spines of the feet are stronger, so as to enable 



