THE LYC^NW^. Sy 



ornamented with eye-shaped spots of fawn or red colour ; and 

 these negroes, as they are termed, are found upon the Alps, the 

 Pyrenees, the Caucasus, the Himalayas, and even upon the Rocky 

 Mountains. Some closely allied forms, belonging to the genus 

 Chionobas, are of a tawny or pale greyish yellow colour, and are 

 found in the remotest north of Europe, America, Iceland, Siberia, 

 and Kamschatka, and one kind lives in the Alps. 



There are some Satyridi in South America, the forms and 

 colour of wings of which are very different to those of the Euro- 

 pean kinds. Thus, the HcctercB of Brazil and Guiana have festoon- 

 shaped wings, which are partly transparent The scales on the 

 wings, scantily sown, as it were, are almost wanting in many spots, 

 where they are often replaced by pretty little hairs. The mem- 

 brane of the wing is, however, very iridescent, and produces very 

 pretty effects of light and shade. 



The caterpillars of the Thccla W. album, one of the LyccBnidcc, 

 and so called on account of a curious white mark near the end of 

 the hinder wings like the letter W, feeds on the elm and haw- 

 thorn, and owes its safety to its colour being so very exactly like 

 that of the foliage upon which it lives. The general shape of the 

 larva and the short legs impede its movements, and the insect is 

 rarely found off a leaf 



After having devoured one leaf the caterpillar crawls on to the 

 next, and this is about the extent of its travels. The caterpillar 

 usually lies very closely upon the under surface of leaves, and its 

 tints so resemble those of the elm that it is not readily perceived. 

 The chrysalis is found attached to the leaves, which have partly 

 contributed to the maintenance of the larva, and the butterfly 

 escapes about a fortnight after the first transformation. One of 

 the species of TJiccla — the Green Hair-streak, or Tliccla rtibi — has 

 an ornamentation, so far as colour is concerned, which is, perhaps, 

 exceptional in the Lepidoptera. Its wings are brown above, but 

 of a uniform light blue beneath. A Californian species has its 

 wings of the same colour, and affords an example of the close 

 relationship between the butterflies of North America and the 

 temperate tracts of Europe. 



The Hcspcridce are butterflies that have many points of 

 resemblance with moths, and therefore are unlike those we have 



