THE CHALCOPHOR^. 323 



the dense elytra. The larvee live in the trunks of trees and in 

 woody tissues, twigs, and stems, and they are somewhat remark- 

 able. They are white insects, without legs, or having only vestiges 

 of them, in the form of tubercles ; they have a retractile head, the 

 front part of which alone is thick and leathery, but the prothoracic 

 segment is very large and broad, and is clothed with a coriaceous 

 plate that is either granulated or tuberculated. This arrangement 

 enables the larvae to use much force and tearing power when they 

 are perforating trees, to which they do, in the tropics, a great 

 deal of harm. Fortunately, however, our trees do not suffer from 

 them. 



The beetles of the genus CJialcopJwra are amongst the largest of 



Chalcophora Mariana. 



the family; and the species JUariana, whose metamorphoses are 

 illustrated in the engraving on page 324, is a prettily-sculptured 

 and bronzed beetle, which is common in the pine forests of the 

 south of France, Italy, and Germany. Its larva hollows out large 

 galleries and holes in the trunks of the trees. 



In the same engraving the larva which has done part of this mis- 

 chief is shown in its gallery, and its small head and enormously 

 developed first thoracic segment may be noticed, the rest of the 

 body being rather slender. It undergoes the metamorphoses in 

 one of the galleries, and in one of them a pupa may be observed, 

 whose structures foreshadow those of the adult form very distinctly. 



The Longicorn Beetles, or the Goat Beetles, as they are 

 sometimes called, on account of their long, cylindrical antennze, 



V 2 



