ORIEXTAL CICADID.E. 



Class INSECTA. 



Order RHYNCHOTA. 



Suborder HOMOPTEEA. 



Fam. CICADID^. 



Stridulantes, Latreille, Fam. Nat. du Regne Anim. p. 426 (1825) ; Amyot & Serville, Hist. de3 Hem. p. 458 (1848). 



Stridulantw, Burmeister, Handb. ii. 1, pi). 102, 170 (1835); Stal, Hem. Afr. iv. p. 1 (1866). 



Cicmlida, Westwood, Intr. Mod. Class. Ins. ii. p. 420 (1840) ; Arcan. Eutomol. i. p. 91 (1843) ; Distiuit. Biol. 



Centr. Am. Ebyuch. Horn. p. 1 (1881). 

 Cicadariir, Packard (nee Latreille), Guide Study Ins. 5tli edit. p. 533 (1876). 



The principal characters of this family of Homoptera are as follows : — Ocelli three in number and 

 placed on the disk of the vertex of head ; antennse shoi't, inserted close to the eyes and composed of seven 

 joints. The head is short, broad, and transverse, terminating beneath in an elongated rostrum composed 

 of three joints. The thorax is large ; the pronotum short and transverse, with two oblique longitudinal 

 discal furrows on each side; the mesonotum* is very large and terminates behind in a small basal 

 cruciform elevation.} The abdomen consists, of six segments and an anal segmental appendage. The 

 anterior femora are inerassated and more or less spinose beneath. The tegmina are generally hyaline, 

 sometimes opaque ; the venation usualh" distinct and furcate in ramification, but sometimes reticulate. * 



The sound-producing or stridulating organs of the male § have been studied and described 

 by Eeaumur,|| Goureau and Solier,1i Duges,** Landois.ff Mayer, ^* and Carlet.§§ Mr. Jiio. C. 

 Galtou has also given an excellent resume of the same,|||] especially as regards the work of 

 Carlet. Prof. C. Lloyd Morgan has recently contributed a short but very succinct description 

 of "the sound-producing apparatus of the Cicadas," ^1! which Mr. Middlemiss, writing from 

 the North-West Himalaya, has supplemented by fm-ther particulars.*** 



This sound-producing apparatus is covered beneath by two flaps, which, as pointed out by 

 Westwood, are " in fact, the dilated sides of the metasternum" tf t ; these are often incorrectly 



'■'■ This has been considered as a scutelhim by Stal and some other writers, but I am supported in luy view by 

 Burmeister and Westwood. 



f The metathoraeic cross of Mr. Uhlcr (see ti^. 1, 5, p. 4). J As in PoUjncura dttealU, Wcstw. 



§ Dr. Bennett found that the natives of New South Wales were ac(iuainted with the fact tliat the males alone pnvluceil 

 the sound. They said, in their peculiar Hnglish, "Old woman Galaut; {jalaufj no got, no make a noise," implying that the 

 females do not possess these musical instruments. — ' Wanderings in New South Wales,' vol. i. p. 237. 



II ' Memoures,' torn. v. pi. xWi. (1740). H Ann. Soc. Ent. de France, torn. vi. (1837). 



** 'Traite de Physiologie comparee,' tom. ii. (1838). ff Zeitschr. fUr wisseuch. Zool. bd. xvii. s. lOo (1S07). 



II ' Zeitschr. fui- wisscnch. Zool. bd. xxviii. s. 79 (18771. 



§§ ' Auu. des Sciences Naturelles,' ser. 6, Zool. tom. v. & 'Comptes Rcndus de TAcad. des Sciences' (1876). 

 III! ' Popular Science Keview,' new ser. vol. i. p. 853, pi. x. 

 Hf ' Nature,' vol. xxxiii. p. 368 (1886). *** Ibid. p. 583 (1886). 



fff ' Modem Classification of Insects,' vol. ii. p. 4'22. 



B 



