177 



than 60.449 attacks are noted, then the curve falls rapidly; in 1909 only 45 cases are 

 known and nowadays it may be said that it has almost totally disappeared. 

 (Flensburg 1911 p. 1213). 



In England the malaria was a real scourge a century ago; now England is 

 almost quite free from malaria; it seems only that a few cases may still be noted 

 in a few localities (Roniney marsh). See Nuttai.i. & Shipley (1901 p. 26); Lang 

 (1918); Carter (1919 p. 2605). 



Also in France malaria has retreated, but still there are rather large areas 

 where it is still prevalent but always in a very mild form (Bretagne, Vendee, Cha- 

 rente, Gascogne, along the Mediterranean coast, in the Valley at the Somme a. o. loc.) 

 I refer especially to the papers of Roubaud. The case is the same in Holland, 

 but small hotbeds of malaria are still present (ScHOO 1902). 



In Germany malaria raged vigorously a century ago, now it has receded to 

 a high degree; but still there are many localities, especially along the river valleys 

 and along the coasts of the North See and the Baltic where malaria occurs ; it may 

 retreat for soine years but on special occasions (vast inundations, great engineering 

 works) it appears again. German physicians urge that even if the disease diminishes 

 its significance can by no means be underrated; it reduces the mental and bodily 

 power of man, and causes painful neuralgias which last throughout life. Martini 

 (1920 4 p. 18) calls attention to the fact that: "Kinder erkranken haufig so atypish, dasz 

 die anschlieszenden Kindererkrankungen nicht als das erkannt werden, was sie sind". 



It is further stated that the farmers use quinine and only rarely apply to the 

 doctors; it is therefore difficult to see how widely spread the disease really is. With 

 regard to German and Austrian malaria from recent years I refer to Czygan (1901 

 No. 37) Martini (1901 p. 44; 1902 p. 147). Pfeiffer (1901 p. 246). Grober (1903 

 p. 601). Muhlens (1909 p. 166; 1912). Storch (1914 p. 77). Mai.isc.ii (1914 p. 763). 

 Eugi.ing (1917 p. 65). Steudel (1917 p. 21). Schaedel (1918 p. 143); I refer especi- 

 ally to the valuable papers of Martini (1920! p. 1 and 1920., p. 1). 



Formerly the whole of Russia to the (53. degree of latitude suffered from the 

 epidemic, and curiously enough in Finland rather serious epidemics still appear 

 (se f. i. Levander 1902 Nr. 3); more especially the districts of southern Russia round 

 the Black Sea and the Asow Sea are attacked. 



In Italy malaria has receded to a very high degree but this is mainly due to 

 the very hard and extremely successful struggles of Grassi and bis school against 

 the disease; still the number of cases especially in the southern part of the country 

 is high. 



On the Balkan peninsula it still rages with almost undiminished strength; 

 in Grece alone there are nowadays about 80(1.000 cases yearly. The disease is here 

 still of the greatest hygienic and economic significance. It is a well-known fact how 

 terribly the oriental army suffered in the Balkans during the world war (NiCLOT 

 1916 p. 753). 



We now know that the European malaria mosquito which more than any 



I). K. U. Vldensk. Selsk. SUr.. naliuvUlensk. og mathem. AM. X Itiekkr. VII 1. •>;( 



