Dolichopodidae. 



9 



they may be quite wanting, also on the first segment. The legs are 

 generally somewhat long and slender, sometimes more robust; they 

 show very often sexual dimorphism, being variously shaped or adorned 

 in the male, often rather peculiar; thus the tarsi (front, middle or 

 hind) may have one or more joints dilated or plumed, or otherwise 

 distinguished by shape or adornments with hairs, bristles or thorns, 

 or some joints may be unusually shortened or elongated; or the tibiæ 

 may be peculiarly shaped, curved, dilated etc, or provided with special 

 hairs or bristles. Also the femora may have special bristles in the 

 males, and sometimes a fringe of long hairs below. Moreover the 

 legs, especially the tarsi, are often longer in the male than in the 

 female. — The coxæ are a little elongated, especially the front coxæ; 

 these latter are placed higher than the posterior coxæ on account of 

 the shape of the thorax. The front legs are sometimes raptorial {Hydro- 

 phorus), the femora and tibiæ more or less armed with spines below, 

 and the femora somewhat thickened. The legs have generally short, 

 sometimes longer hairs, and are generally provided with numerous 

 bristles, especially on the dorsal side of the tibiæ, and most on the 

 posterior tibiæ. Sometimes the legs are less bristly to almost bare. 

 The bristles on the hind tibiæ are in a few genera continued out on 

 the metatarsus. The tibiæ have 

 also apical bristles, often small or 

 wanting on the front tibiæ. The 

 posterior or the hind femora have 

 generally one, sometimes more 

 preapical bristles; sometimes they 

 have none. The anterior coxæ 

 have as a rule bristles or bristly 

 hairs on the anterior or outer 

 side towards the apex, and the 

 hind coxæ have generally one, 

 sometimes several, characteristic 

 bristles on the outside. In Por- 

 phyrops and Xiphandrium the Fig. 3. DolicJwpus ungulatus. 



males have often a flat spine, Empodium, partly from below, and one 



composed of coalesced hairs, at ^'^^^'- ^ 2^^- 



the apex of the middle coxæ, or rarely of the posterior coxæ. The 

 hairiness of the legs is not rarely stronger in the males than in the 

 females ; on the other hånd the females have sometimes the legs more 

 bristly than the males. There are two claws, generally small, two 

 pulvilli and an empodium; the latter is as a rule linear or nar- 

 rowly lobiform, with bristles below, and thus more or less comb- 



