THE ANATOMY OF THE PUPA 



73 



commencement of pupal life were comparatively incon- 

 spicuous, grow till they almost fill the head, and there are 

 places in the advanced pupa v^here ganglia and epidermis 

 appear continuous. 



Dr. Hurst's paper also contains some very interesting 

 details as to the development of the sense organs, especially 

 of the eyes and antennae ; but for these the reader is referred 

 to the original paper, as their interest is mainly that of the 

 development of these organs in insects in general than that 

 of the CulicidcB in particular. 



Beprodiictive System. — The male generative organs of 

 the adult consist of testes, vasa deferentia, "prostatic 

 glands," copulatory organ, with a common pouch at its 

 base and two pairs of gonapophyses. Of these last, the 

 outer ones are a pair of large forceps for holding the 

 female. Both pairs originate in the larva and are probably 

 the appendages of two segments now fused and indistin- 

 guishable. The testes are a pair of cylindrical bodies, 

 already present in the larva, at the sides of the intestine in 

 the sixth segment. They are chambered and the spermatic 

 elements in the hinder chambers are more advanced than 

 those in front. The length of each segment is that of the 

 segment in which they lie. The vas deferens of each side 

 is a direct continuation of the wall of the testis, and is a 

 very narrow tube running directly backwards, quite distinct 

 from its fellow of the opposite side, but the two are closely 

 bound together in their hinder parts and they open behind 

 into the common pouch. The prostatic glands are a pair 

 of elongated glandular tubes, apparently simple, but seen 

 in sections to be double, though the cavities connnunicate 

 behind before opening into the common pouch. This 

 latter is a dilatation of the ejaculatory duct at the base of 

 the copulatory organ, which last is perhaps derived from 

 one of the component somites of the last abdominal 

 segment, and represents its appendages. The hinder part 

 of each vas deferens is, in some CullcidcB, expanded to 

 form a vesicula seminalis of considerable size, but this is 

 not the case in Culex nemoralis. 



The female generative organs are a pair of ovaries, the 



