2 Pipunculidae. 



lunula present; de Meijere remarks (Bronn: Klass. und Ordn. d. 

 Tier-Reichs V, 3, 1916, 42) that the frons is a little more chitinized 

 just above the antennæ, and this might be interpreted as an indication 

 of a hmula. The eyes are very large, occupying the whole front 

 part of the head, and in Pipunculus with the longer head they even 

 are enormous; in Nephrocerus they are somewhat reniform behind; 

 they are practically bare, but in reality they have some short, very 

 scarce hairs, only seen under the microscope; in the male the facets 

 are a little enlarged over about the whole eye, decreasing evenly 

 towards the hind margin, in the female the facets are much to very 

 much enlarged in a small space in front around the bases of the 

 antennæ. The antennæ are inserted in the middle of the head, close 

 to each other; they are six-jointed, the basal joint is very small, the 

 second a little larger, somewhat calicular, the third is compressed, 

 oval or irregularly reniform, rarely more roundish, it is dilated down- 

 wards so that its long axis is perpendicular to the axis of the antennæ; 

 below it is in Pipunculus either more or less pointed or drawn out in 

 a shorter or longer, sometimes rather long rostrum, in the other 

 genera it is rounded below; the three last joints form an arista, which 

 is inserted dorsally on the third joint quite at the base; the basal 

 joints of the arista are quite small, especially the first, and only seen 

 under the microscope; the basal joints, and the base of the third 

 joint form a thickened basal part; the second antennal joint has 

 shorter or longer hairs above and below, sometimes rather long and 

 numerous, especially in Verrallia, the third joint is pubescent, generally 

 silvery, the arista is bare with only the basal joints and the thickened 

 basal part of the third joint microscopically hairy, the latter only 

 on the upper side. Epistoma is narrow and forms a band with parallel 

 horders from the antennæ to the oral aperture, in Chalarus and Ver- 

 rallia it widens a little downwards. No jowls are developed as the 

 eyes reach quite to the oral aperture. An oral cone is present, but small; 

 clypeus is somewhat horse-shoe-shaped and lies on the front part 

 of the oral cone quite up to the lower end of epistoma, it is, as in 

 other cyclorrhaphous flies, in connection with the pharynx; when in 

 situ its basal part is seen at the end of epistoma as a small knob. The 

 mouth parts are small and as a rule not or slightly seen; labrum and 

 hypopharynx are small, somewhat triangular, of about equal length; 

 the maxillary palpi are rather long, thin, but thickened towards the 

 end and club-shaped; I could not detect any maxillary lacinia. La- 

 bium has a chitinized basal part sending out two long processes back- 



