14 Pipunculidae. 



in its whole breadth above, but very short and hidden, rarely seen here 

 just behind the fifth segment (fig. 4); this segment sends a narrow 

 ventral chitinization along the hind margin of the small fifth ventral 

 segment, so that it is present all round but very narrow (figs. 6, 7); 

 then follows a similar, but a little larger seventh segment, likewise 

 on the left side, also stretching up dorsally, but here hidden; like the 

 sixth it has a narrow ventral chitinization, but lying on the left side 

 and nearly vertical; this segment is thus wholly confined to the left 

 side (figs. 6 and 7); after the seventh comes the large eighth segment, 

 it occupies the whole end, but its morphological base is on the left 

 side and then it turns quite over to the right, so that its morphological 

 apical aperture points forwards and lies beside the basal aperture; 

 it varies somewhat in shape and size, but is generally roundish or 

 more or less irregularly conical; it bears at the end (the part pointing 

 backwards), generally somewhat to the right, a curious, larger or 

 smaller membraneous, impressed area, sometimes with a longitudinal 

 keel-shaped, protruding fold (figs. 5, 6); the impression may be 

 roundish, oval or triangular or sometimes very narrow, slit-like, and 

 it may vary from very large to quite small and be nearly or quite 

 wanting; after this eighth segment follows on the right side below, 

 the ninth segment, the real hypopygium; it consists of a basal part 

 ending with two, somewhat triangular, pointed claws or clasping 

 appendages, and below these latter the penis issnes; at the hind 

 margin of the basal part, in an excision between the bases of the 

 claws, there is a pair of small, oval, hairy lamellæ, constituting the 

 tenth segment (fig. 6). As said there are only four not transformed 

 ventral segments, the fifth being quite narrow and slightly chitinized, 

 but as seen there is a narrow ventrite to the sixth segment and a 

 similar, vertically situated one, to the seventh, and these chitinized 

 stripes border as it were a groove, otherwise membraneous, in which 

 the hypopygium is laid up (fig. 7); sometimes the fourth ventral 

 segment is excised in the hind margin for the reception of the ends 

 of the claws on hypopygium. The male genitalia are, as already 

 mentioned, very like those in the Sijrphidae, even the curious mem- 

 braneous impression has its homologon in the Syrphid genus Sphaero- 

 phoria, where likewise a curious membraneous space is present, with 

 a small indication of a raised fold. In the female abdomen consists 

 of six not transformed segments with normal tergites and ventrites, 

 then follows the hypopygium, which consists of a basal part, that is 

 generally oval, sometimes broader and cordate in shape ending in 



