Pipunculus. 15 



a long, pointed, straight or sometimes incurved or recurved ovipositor; 

 the basal part sometimes tapers evenly into the ovipositor, or this 

 latter issues more suddenly from the basal part; the basal part and 

 the ovipositor are each formed of a segment, in the present genus 

 the two segments are, however, such connate that a division into two 

 segments cannot be seen, but in Verrallia the division is visible; 

 the ovipositor is semitubnlar with the cavity upwards (when in 

 normal position, the canal is ventral); the morphological apical 

 opening of the segment forming the ovipositor lies on its dorsal base, 

 and in this opening two small hairy lamellæ are seen, constituting 

 the last segment; the ovipositor itself is thus a ventral prolongation 

 of the segment; the whole hypopygium is bent in under the venter. 

 As there are six normal abdominal segments and then two forming 

 the hypopygium and a small last segment with the end lamellæ, we 

 get in all nine segments, but as the real number is no doubt ten, 

 there is, I think, a small segment at the base of the hypopygium, if 

 it has not quite disappeared, in some species it, however, seems to 

 be indicated above, just at the base of the hypopygium. Abdomen is 

 short and very sparingly hairy, sometimes a little more, and the 

 hairs may be longer at the sides or towards the end; at the sides of 

 the first segment there is a bunch or fan of longer hairs, which may be 

 conspicuous or somewhat bristly, or they may be smaller and less 

 conspicuous. — I shall here note, that Perkins (1. c. 127) mentions, 

 that in species of Pipunculus the surface of abdomen, especially in 

 the males, often shows a number of depressions, variable and of 

 irregular form; 1 have also seen such impressions, w^hich are, in the 

 species I have studied, present especially on the last segment, some- 

 times also more forwards, and I think that they belong to the same 

 category. I have, how^ever, not found them so variable as stated by 

 Perkins; they have already been mentioned by Thomson, who uses 

 them as characters in several species. — Legs somewhat slender, 

 sometimes the femora a little thickened; the hind tibiæ are some- 

 what curious, they are a little curved and thickened in the middle, 

 and the apical part is somewhat concave on the posterior side below 

 the middle; the femora are either all dull, or the hind femora or all 

 three pairs are more or less shining below and behind, and this gives 

 some distinguishing characters; the legs are upon the whole short- 

 haired, the femora are often nearly bare, but sometimes they have a 

 distinct ciliation behind, which may be rather conspicuous and 

 longish, especially on the middle pair, and then there are also some 



